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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the three toxic alcohols are that commonly refered to?
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methanol
ethylene glycol isopropanol other drugs in toxix alcohols are the diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and benzyl alcohol |
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what causes the acidosis?
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the metabolites of alcohols
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what is the hallmark of alcohol poisoning?
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acidosis
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what breaks down the alcohols?
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alcohol dehydrogenase
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what is the end metabolite in methanol that causes alcohol toxicity?
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formic acid (causes ocular toxicity)
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what are the three bad metabolites of ethylene glycol that cause toxic effects/
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oxalic acid, glyoxylic acid, glycolic acid
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what do all alcohols lead to sympomatically?
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inebriation, vasodilation, hypotension, reflex tachycardia, metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia
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what causes retinal toxicity?
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formic acid from methanol
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what can form from oxalic acid binding to Ca?
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calcium oxalate acid crystals found in the urine==they cause renal failure, QT prolongation
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what are clinical findings of isopropanol?
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CNS depression
ketosis without acidosis gastritis hypotension falsely elevated creatinine |
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what are the components that are used to calculate the osmolarity?
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Na, BUN, glucose, and ethanol if present
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an osmol gap is found by?
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the measured-calculated=osmol gap
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an osmol gap of what is almost always diagnostic of toxic alcohol ingestion?
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greater then 50
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what is the normal osmol gap?
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-14 and +10
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what is the concentration of ethylene gycol that is necessary for dialysis?
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25mg/dl
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what does it mean if the osmol gap is normal?
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means nothing could be a false negative because of the range of normal levels of osmols
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what is the anion gap?
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the Na-(sum of Cl + HCO3)
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what is the normal anion gap?
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7
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how does your body naturally change the acid and basic levels?
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respiratory rate with bicarb levels= if your acidotic you breath heavy to get rid of PCO2 and in theory the bicarb will decrease and be used up
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what is PUMA
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persistant unexplained metabolic acidosis-and if you see this you should think alcohol toxicity
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what are the four factors if ruled out in an anion gap acidosis will lead to determining the patient has a toxic alcohol syndrome?
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lactic acidosis
salicylates (ketone and lactic acidosis) BUN-UREMIA Ketone acidosis |
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when are ketone bodies formed?
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in times of stress such as starvation, acoholism, diabetes
asprin toxicity isopropanol |
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what is uremia formed from?
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renal insufficeincy
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how does lactic acid form?
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increased production or
decreased elimination such as over exercise seizures decreased clearance liver failure biuanides (used in diabetics) |
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what drug will inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase during ethylene glycol toxcity without the need to ingest ethanol?
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Fomepizole (VERY EXPENSIVE)
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