Nervous System Chapter 4

Front 1

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Back 1

Also called Lou Gehrig's disease a progressive disease that begins in the central nervous system and involves the degeneration of motor neurons and the subsequent atrophy of voluntary muscle

Front 2

Ascending tracts

Back 2

Cox in the spinal cord that carries sensory information to the brain

Front 3

Axon

Back 3

A single elongated projection from a nerve cell that transmits impulses away from the cell body

Front 4

Brain

Back 4

The largest and most complex unit of the central nervous system that is responsible for a perception sensation in motion intellect and action

Front 5

brainstem

Back 5

The inferior primitive portion of the brain that contains centers for vital functions and reflex actions such as vomiting coughing sneezing posture and basic movement patterns

Front 6

Catecholamine

Back 6

Any of several compounds occurring naturally in the body that serve as hormones or neurotransmitters in the sympathetic nervous system

Front 7

Central nervous system

Back 7

The brain and the spinal cord and their coverings

Front 8

Cerebrospinal fluid

Back 8

A clear colorless fluid that flows through the brain and around the spinal cords cushioning and protecting these structures and maintaining proper pH balance

Front 9

Cerebrum

Back 9

The largest of the brain divisions consisting of two hemispheres that occupy the uppermost region of the cranium this part of the brain receives interprets and associates incoming information with past memories and then transmits the appropriate motor response

Front 10

Dendrites

Back 10

Branching projections from the nerve cell body that carry signals to the branching projections from the nervous cell body that carry signals to the cell body

Front 11

Descending tracts

Back 11

Tracks in the spinal cord that carry motor information from the brain to the spinal cord

Front 12

Dorsal root

Back 12

Also called the posterior root this is the posterior attachment of a spinal nerve to the spinal cord that transmit sensory information into the spinal cord

Front 13

Enteric nervous system

Back 13

A subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that controls the digestive system a subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that controls the digestive system

Front 14

Essential tremor

Back 14

A chronic tremor that does not proceed from any other pathologic condition

Front 15

Gray matter

Back 15

Unmyelinated nervous tissue in the central nervous system

Front 16

Monoplegia

Back 16

Paralysis of a single limb or single group of muscles

Front 17

Myelin

Back 17

A white fatty insulating substance formed by the Schwann cells that surround some axons also produced in the central nervous system by oligodendrocytes

Front 18

Neurolemma

Back 18

Also called Schwann's membrane, sheath of schwann, or endo neural membrane. The outer cell membrane of a Schwann cell that encloses the myelin sheath found on certain peripheral nerves. Essential in the regeneration of injured axons

Front 19

Neuroglia

Back 19

Specialized connective tissue that helps support protect and hold neurons together

Front 20

Neurons

Back 20

Nerve cells that conduct impulses

Front 21

Neurotransmitters

Back 21

Chemical compounds that generate action potentials when released into the synopsis from presynaptic cells

Front 22

Paraplegia

Back 22

Paralysis of the lower portion of the body and of both legs

Front 23

Quadriplegia

Back 23

Paralysis or loss of movement of all four limbs

Front 24

Schwann cell

Back 24

A specialized cell that forms myelin

Front 25

Spinal cord

Back 25

The portion of the central nervous system that exits the skull and extends into the vertebral column the two major functions are to conduct nerve impulses and to be a center for spinal reflexes

Front 26

Status epilepticus

Back 26

A medical emergency characterized by a continuous seizure lasting longer than 30 minutes

Front 27

Synapse

Back 27

A space between neurons or between a neuron and an effector organ

Front 28

Ventral root

Back 28

Also called the anterior root the anterior attachment of a spinal nerve to the spinal cord which transmits motor information away from the spinal cord one of two routes that attaches a spinal nerve to the spinal cord

Front 29

White matter

Back 29

Myelinated nerve tissue in the central nervous system