Nervous System

Front 1

Cells functioning in reception of stimuli; receiving end of sensory nerves

Back 1

Affectors

Front 2

Part of the neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body; each cell has one

Back 2

Axon

Front 3

Automatically regulates the action of the glands, the smooth muscles of the hollow organs, and the heart, often without one being aware of it.

Back 3

Autonomic Nervous System

Front 4

Part of the neuron that acts as a sending and receiving center, carries on metabolism, and stores energy

Back 4

Cell Body

Front 5

Consists of nerve tissues that form the brain and spinal cord; controls voluntary acts

Back 5

Central Nervous System

Front 6

Outer later of gray matter of the cerebrum

Back 6

Cerebral Cortex

Front 7

Watery fluid protecting the brain and spinal cord

Back 7

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Front 8

Part of the neuron that carries impulses to the cell body

Back 8

Dendrite

Front 9

Nerve endings that carry out actions

Back 9

Effectors

Front 10

A tracing of the electrical activity of an individual's brain

Back 10

Electroencephalogram
(EEG)

Front 11

A deep groove or furrow in an organ such as the brain

Back 11

Fissure

Front 12

Mass of nerve tissue, principally nerve cell bodies, outside the central nervous system

Back 12

Ganglion

Front 13

Nerve tissue of a grayish color consisting primarily of non-myelinated nerve fibers; contains large numbers of cell bodies of neurons

Back 13

Gray Matter

Front 14

Either half of the cerebrum or cerebellum

Back 14

Hemisphere

Front 15

A fairly well-defined part of an organ such as the brain separated by boundaries

Back 15

Lobe

Front 16

The tough, 3-layered membrane protecting the spinal cord and the brain

Back 16

Meninges

Front 17

Covered with myelin

Back 17

Myelinated
(medullated)

Front 18

Noncellular, fatty covering of a nerve fiber

Back 18

Myelin Sheath

Front 19

Ending of a nerve at a muscle

Back 19

Myoneural Junction

Front 20

Bundle of nerve fibers, blood vessels, and connective tissue outside the central nervous system

Back 20

Nerve

Front 21

Threadlike projections of cytoplasm from the cell body of a neuron; axons & dendrites

Back 21

Nerve Fibers

Front 22

System of the body dealing with the brain, spinal cord, and nerves which coordinates body activities

Back 22

Nervous System

Front 23

Supporting structure for nerve tissue consisting of blood vessels, connective tissue, and specialized cells found only in the brain & spinal cord

Back 23

Neuroglia

Front 24

Study of the nervous system

Back 24

Neurology

Front 25

Basic nerve cell

Back 25

Neuron

Front 26

Provides input from sensory receptors to the central nervous system and output from the central nervous system to effectors

Back 26

Peripheral Nervous System

Front 27

A network of nerves

Back 27

Plexus

Front 28

Repair, regrowth, or restoration of a part

Back 28

Regeneration

Front 29

Any agent or influence that produces a response or increase in activity in living protoplasm

Back 29

Stimulus

Front 30

A slight groove, furrow, or depression in an organ, especially of the brain

Back 30

Sulcus

Front 31

Junction of an axon & one or more dendrites which transmits nerve impulses in one direction only

Back 31

Synapse

Front 32

One of the cavities of the brain

Back 32

Ventricle

Front 33

Nerve tissue consisting of myelinated nerve fibers

Back 33

White Matter

Front 34

How long is the adult spinal cord?

Back 34

16 to 18 inches

Front 35

In adults a spinal tap is normally performed where?

Back 35

between the 3rd & 4th or 4th & 5th lumbar vertebrae

Front 36

Where does the Cauda Equina begin?

Back 36

Bottom of L1 or top of L2

Front 37

Cranial or Spinal Nerves emerge from the cord by 2 short roots.

Back 37

Spinal nerves. The dorsal (posterior) root contains sensory axons. The ventral (anterior) root contains axons of motor neurons.

Front 38

Components of Cerebrospinal fluid

Back 38

Water, Glucose, Protein, Sodium Chloride, Waste Products such as urea.

Front 39

3 layers of the Meninges

Back 39

Dura Mater: outer layer that provides protection Arachnoid: Middle layer. Resembles cobwebs and has cerebrospinal fluid flowing through it Pia Mater: Inner Layer . It is a thin vascular layer (blood vessels provide nutrients & carries away waste

Front 40

Frontal Lobe Functions

Back 40

Controls voluntary muscles & judgment.

Front 41

Parietal Lobe Function

Back 41

Control sensory function e.g. pain, touch , temperature interpretation

Front 42

Temporal Lobe Functions

Back 42

Controls hearing, taste, & smell

Front 43

Occipital Lobe Functions

Back 43

Controls vision

Front 44

Thalamus Functions

Back 44

Serves as a relay center & monitors sensory stimuli

Front 45

Hypothalamus Function

Back 45

Controls body temperature, Balance of water in the body, sleep, appetite, fear, & pleasure. Controls both divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

Front 46

Mid Brain Functions

Back 46

Serves as the reflex center. Also the site of the 3rd & 4th cranial nerve nuclei

Front 47

Hind Brain Components

Back 47

Pons, Medulla Oblongata, Cerebellum

Front 48

Pons Functions

Back 48

Pons: Relays impulses between the cerebrum& cerebellum and the cerebrum & the medulla oblongata. Site for cranial nerves V, VI, VII, & VIII.

Front 49

Medulla Oblongata Functions

Back 49

Medulla Oblongata: Controls vital functions - breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, swallowing, coughing. Site of cranial Nerves IX - XII. Most vital part of the brain.

Front 50

Cerebellum Function

Back 50

Cerebellum: Maintains body balance, Coordination, equilibrium, & muscle tone.

Front 51

Fissure of Sylvius

Back 51

The lateral fissure that separates the temporal lobe from the rest of the brain

Front 52

Fissure of Rolando

Back 52

The central (longitudinal fissure of the brain that separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres.

Front 53

Lateral Ventricles

Back 53

1st and 2nd Ventricles. Located in the frontal lobe. Each has posterior, inferior, & anterior horns. The Inferior horn extends into temporal lobe.

Front 54

3rd Ventricle

Back 54

Communicates to lateral ventricles via the foramina of Monro. Communicates to 4th ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius.

Front 55

4th Ventricle

Back 55

Communicates to the subarachnoid space through 3 openings: median- aperture of Megendie, 2 lateral apertures of Luschka

Front 56

Arteries of the Brain

Back 56

4 arteries: 2 internal carotid, 2 vertebral, Form Circle of Willis, Either insufficient O2 or excessive CO2 causes dilation of the arteries to bring more blood to the head.

Front 57

Circle of Willis

Back 57

the circular arrangement of the vertebral and carotid arteries at the base of the brain which equalizes the circulation of blood and provides an alternate passageway for blood in the case of blockage of 1 of the arteries.

Front 58

How much of the total output of the heart is required for normal brain function?

Back 58

approximately 15%

Front 59

How long can blood supply to brain be halted before irreversible changes take place?

Back 59

Normally 6 to 10 minutes.

Front 60

"Window" where the spinal nerves exit the spinal column

Back 60

Intervertebral foramen

Front 61

Runs thru the vertebra, holds the spinal cord, holds meninges, adipose tissue to support & protect, blood vessels

Back 61

Spinal Canal

Front 62

Spinal Canal cross section

Back 62

Cross section shows inner H shape. H shape is composed of Grey Matter. Outside the gray matter is white matter.

Front 63

Spinal Canal Function

Back 63

Acts at great conduction pathway of impulses between the peripheral nerves to and from the brain. Functions in all sensations & movements in the body

Front 64

2 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

Back 64

Sympathetic (Thoracic-Lumbar Region), Parasympathetic:(Cranio-Sacral Region)

Front 65

Autonomic Nervous system deals with activities that are voluntary or involuntary?

Back 65

Involuntary

Front 66

Autonomic Nervous System controlled by the ______________.

Back 66

Hypothalamus

Front 67

Divisions of both the Sympathetic & Parasympathetic divisions

Back 67

1. Preganglionic 2. Post Ganglionic

Front 68

How fast do nerve impulses travel?

Back 68

~395 ft/second