Nervous System

Front 1

nerve impulse

Back 1

flow of electrical charges along a neuron due to a movement of ions across the cell membrane

Front 2

when at rest what happens to the inside of a neuron's membrane?

Back 2

it is negatively charged
(resting potential)

Front 3

resting potential

Back 3

the difference in electrical charge across the cell memebrane of a resting neuron

Front 4

when does a nerve impulse begin?

Back 4

when a neuron is stimulated by another neuron or by its environment

Front 5

what is the moving impulse caused by?

Back 5

movement of ions across the cell membrane

Front 6

where does the impulse travel?

Back 6

along the axon, away from the cell body, towards axon terminals

Front 7

moving impulse: step 1

Back 7

Na+ gates open, allowing Na+ to go into cell

Front 8

moving impulse: step 2

Back 8

inside gains + charge and outside gains negative charge. this reversal of charges is called action potential

Front 9

moving impulse: step 3

Back 9

As impulse passes, K+ gates open and K+ pass out of the cell; resting potential is established

Front 10

moving impulse: step 4

Back 10

a nerve impulse is self-propagating; if there is an impulse at any point, then it will trigger an impulse at the next point

Front 11

threshold's strength of impulse is...

Back 11

always the same; it's either all or nothing

Front 12

threshold's stimulus...

Back 12

must be strong enough to cause a neuron to transmit an impulse

Front 13

threshold

Back 13

the minimum strength required to activate a neuron

Front 14

synapse: what happens when an impulse reaches the end of one neuron at the axon terminal?

Back 14

neurotransmitters are released

Front 15

how & where do the neurotransmitters diffuse?

Back 15

across the gap and attach to the receptors on the next cell, stimulating another impulse

Front 16

neurotransmitter

Back 16

chemicals used by a neuron to transmit an impulse across a synapse

Front 17

synapse

Back 17

location at which a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell

Front 18

central nervous system contains...

Back 18

the brain & spinal cord

Front 19

peripheral nervous system breaks down into...

Back 19

somatic nervous system &
autonomic nervous system

Front 20

the autonomic nervous system breaks down into...

Back 20

the sympathetic & parasympatheic nervous systems

Front 21

central nervous system functions

Back 21

- relays messages, processes info & compares/analyzes info

Front 22

peripheral nervous system functions

Back 22

-receives info from the environment & relays commands from CNS to organs & glands
-lies outside of CNS
-consists of all nerves & associated cells that are not part of the CNS

Front 23

brain& spinal cord are protected by...

Back 23

the skull & vertebrae, respectively

Front 24

brain& spinal cord are wrapped in...

Back 24

three layers of connective tissue = meninges

Front 25

between the two of these layers..

Back 25

is a space filled with cerebrospinal fluid, which act as shock absorbers & allows for exchange of nutrients & waste products between blood/nervous tissue

Front 26

cerebrum parts

Back 26

-frontal lobe
-parietal lobe
-temporal lobe
-occipial lobe

Front 27

cerebrum is described as...

Back 27

the most prominent region & largest region of the brain

Front 28

cerebrum has voluntary...

Back 28

(conscious) activities of the body

Front 29

cerebrum is the site of

Back 29

intelligence, learning, & judgement

Front 30

cerebrum has...

Back 30

folds & grooves on surface that increase surface area

Front 31

what is the cerebrum separated into?

Back 31

right & left hemisphere

Front 32

right hemisphere controls...

Back 32

left side of the body & associated with creativity, artists & ability

Front 33

left hemisphere controls...

Back 33

right side of the body& associated with analytical & mathematical ability

Front 34

cerebellum is the ______ largest region

Back 34

second

Front 35

where is the cerebellum found?

Back 35

at the back of the skull

Front 36

what does the cerebellum do?

Back 36

coordinates and balances the actions of muscles so the body can move gracefully & efficiently

Front 37

the brain stem connects..

Back 37

the brain & spinal cord

Front 38

brain stem is located

Back 38

just below the cerebellum

Front 39

what are the two parts of the brain stem

Back 39

pons & medulla oblongata

Front 40

what does the brain stem regulate?

Back 40

blood pressure, heart rate, breathing & swallowing

Front 41

Thalamus & hypothalamus located between

Back 41

stem & cerebrum

Front 42

thalamus

Back 42

receives messages from sense organs & seds to proper region of cerebrum

Front 43

hypothalamus

Back 43

control center for recognition & analysis of hunger, temperature, thirst, fatigue & anger

Front 44

spinal cord is the main communication link...

Back 44

between the brain & the rest of the body

Front 45

how are the reflexes processed?

Back 45

directly in the spinal cord

Front 46

reflex

Back 46

quick, automatic response to stimulus
ex. sneezing, blinking

Front 47

peripheral nervous system is broken down into...

Back 47

somatic & autosomatic

Front 48

autosomatic is broken down into...

Back 48

sympathetic & parasympathetic

Front 49

somatic regulates...

Back 49

activities that are under conscious control
ie movement of skeletal muscle

Front 50

some somatic nerves...

Back 50

are involved with reflexes that act w/o concious control

Front 51

autonomic regulates...

Back 51

activities that are automatic/involuntary
ie heartbeat

Front 52

sympathetic & parasympatheic have...

Back 52

opposite affects on the same organ system

Front 53

because there are two different sets of neurons,

Back 53

the autonomic system can quickly cause change

Front 54

a non living example of sympathetic & parasympatheic

Back 54

gas & breaks=
go & stop=
part of the same system