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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Patent Ductus Arteriosis (PDA) |
• Left to Right shunt from aorta to pulmonary artery causing pulmonary over circulation & CHF |
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Atrial Septal Defect |
• Opening between atrium via PFO or other site • Only large defects cause shunting |
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Ventricular Septal Defect |
• Opening between ventricles causing Left to Right shunt causing pulmonary over circulation & CHF |
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Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) |
• Large VSD, aorta overriding VSD, Pulmonary stenosis with subvalvular stenosis & ventricular hypertrophy • Obstruction of blood flow to the lungs causing Right to Left shunt across the VSD causing cyanosis • Underdeveloped pulmonary arteries due to reduced pulmonary blood flow |
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Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA) |
• The aorta and main pulmonary arteries are transposed and connected to the incorrect ventricle • ASD/VSD is essential for mixing • Deoxygenated blood returns from body to systemic circulation & oxygenated blood returns back to the lungs |
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Coarctation if the Aorta |
• Narrowing of the aortic lumen • In babies with coarctation, the aortic arch may also be small (hypoplastic). • Coarctation may also occur with other cardiac defects, typically involving the left side of the heart. The defects most commonly seen with coarctation are bicuspid aortic valve and ventricular septal defect. • In the presence of a coarctation, the left ventricle has to work harder, since it must generate a higher pressure than normal to force blood through the narrow segment of aorta to the lower part of the body. • Coarctation may also be seen as a part of more complex, single ventricle heart defects. |
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Pulmonary Stenosis |
• Obstruction of blood flow leaving the Right ventricle causing cyanosis • Pulmonary arteries may under develop |
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Truncus Arteriosis |
• Aortic & Pulmonary Arteries are joined together as a single common vessel with a single truncal valve sitting over the right and left ventricle The upper portion is missing causing an VSD • Excessive amount of blood to the lungs causes CHF and pulmonary over circulation • Liver may be enlarged due to backup of blood or systemic congestion |
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Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome |
• Under developed left sided heart structures • This results in a situation where the left side of the heart is completely unable to support the circulation needed by the body's organs, though the right side of the heart (the side that delivers blood to the lungs) is typically normally developed. • The mitral and aortic valves are either completely "atretic" (closed), or they are very small. The left ventricle itself is tiny, and the first part of the aorta is very small, often only a few millimeters in diameter. • Blood returning from the lungs to the left atrium must pass through an atrial septal defect (ASD) to the right side of the heart. The right ventricle must then do a "double duty" of pumping blood both to the lungs (via the pulmonary artery) and out to the body (via a patent ductus arteriosus). • Do not give oxygen as it promotes lung circulation |
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Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage (TAPVD) |
• Pulmonary venous return goes to the Right side of the heart instead of the Left • ASD is always present and necessary to mix the returning oxygen rich blood from the lungs with the deoxygenated blood returning from the body • Right to Left shunting results in cyanosis |
