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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Rap |
• Dictionary definitions: 1. to hit sharply and swiftly 2. to criticize or blame • Originated in Bronx, NY • Social influences: -urban renewal -integration -immigration/transculturation |
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Urban Renewal |
-problems with people getting in and out ofthe Bronx -Robert Moses developed the Cross-Bronx expressway -people start moving out because of this (especially whitepeople) -once-stable communities become unstable -landlords get freaked out, sell their properties -slumlords buy these properties -goes from working class --> underclass |
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Integration |
• More opportunity for African Americans to move intomore stable areas • Earlier, Harlem was bustling, great music wascoming out of the area • After the 50s: leadership and money leave asAfrican Americans move into the Bronx • 40s: unemployment rate for African Americans inUS was 7% • 90s: rate increased to 20% |
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Immigration/Transculturation |
• Many people coming out of the Caribbean up to NY -Jamaica, Barbados, Trinidad -able to pick up radio stations from NY thanks to newtechnology |
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Three Precursors to Rap Music |
1.The Dozens -insult rituals 2. Personality DJS -40s-60s -smoothly talking over records -starts in US, goes down to Caribbean, comes back up toUS 3. Toasting -the Dozens meets Personality DJs - “Yard Dances”: weird speakers, sound systems up streetpoles -1 DJ at one end of area, another DJ at theother end |
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Important People in Rap History |
i. Kool Herc (1973) ii. Afrika Bambaataa (1974) iii. Grandmaster Flash (1976) iv. DJ Grand Wizard Theodore (1978) |
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• Kool Her |
-1973: buys two copies of a recording -sets them both onto turntables and introduces cutting and mixing -still relatively conservative |
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• African Bombartaa |
-1974
-has sound system battles with Kool Her
-takes music off of TV, or other forms of pop culture
-plays them at the same time (Recording music off of tv, collage) |
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• Grandmaster Flash |
-1967
-quick mixing
-"The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel" by Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five (lots of quick mixing, samples Good Times by Chick) |
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DJ Grand Wizard Theodore |
-1978 -introduces scratching |
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Grand Wizard Theodore and Kevie Kev Rockwell, "Military Cut," 1983 |
??? not in notes ??? |
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First Rap Recording: |
The Sugarhill Gang, "Rapper's Delight," 1979 i. Based on Chic, "Good Times," 1979 ii. Stylistic Analysis: Self-reflexive words, toasting, sexual lyrics, popular culture references |
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Rappers Delight by the SugarHill Gang |
-Sylvia Robinsonhears it, believes it would sell -sells over 2 million copies -“Hip-hop” stated right off the bat in first line -rapping over GoodTimes by Chick -self-reflexing --> talking about themselves -a lot of sexual content and bragging -comparing themselves to Superman -people are familiar with it --> they know Good Times |
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Rap as Politicized Form & Reasons for politicization |
??? not in notes ??? |
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Public Enemy, "Nighttrain," 1991 |
1) Public Enemy= Chuck D.: lead singer 2) Middle class 3) Sample: James Brown "Night Train," 1963: -show closing song -would mention African American communities in songs tocreate a community within the audience 4) Public Enemy, "Nighttrain (Stylistic and Lyrical Analysis): -1991 -social perception that lumps all African Americanstogether; against this racism -'Nighttrain' is detrimental --> everyone looks the same -not empowering -provokes self-criticism |
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The 1980s bold = not in notes ??? i. Aesthetics (?), Issues and New Technologies (?) ii. MuchMusic (?) and MTV a. CanCon and MAPL Regulations (?) iii. MTV and Lack of Black Artists a. The “Second British Invasion” (Duran Duran, Boy Georgeand the Culture Club, The Eurythmics) |
• end of 1970s: music industry begins to shift -disco & punk disappears Issues: • Blondie and MichaelJackson appear & ppl dunno how to call them, refer totheir genre as "New Music" • Problems with music industry: 1. Marketing 2. Time shifting: VCR, blankcassette tapes, etc. allow people to record things from radio or TV 1981 MTV -all music channel -slightly racist: all about Rock ‘n’ Roll, lack of black artists -Robert Pittman (founder of MTV) basically confirmsracism -had 600 “promo videos” (music videos) to start with -played Duran, Duran, Phil Collins, Boy George, The Eurythmics --> British - “Second British Invasion” -When Michael Jackson’s Thriller came out, they knew they’d have to start playing African American music
• 1980s: singles become more popular once again (idea of concept album is diminished) |
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Michael Jackson - Bio |
• 1958: born in Indiana • Starts off as child star at Motown -part of band called the Jackson 5 -worked with artists like Barry Gordie, Diana Ross Early music = disco: • 1979: comes out with album Off the Wall which includes song entitled 'Rock With You' • 'Rock WithYou' = disco because: 1. Instruments: strings, flugel horn, synthesizer 2. outfit: glitter 3. “Rock” 4. hi-hat as “click track” • Producer Quincy Jones |
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Three Types of Music Video Jackson Pioneered |
i. “Concept Video” (“Billie Jean”) ii. “Movie Video” (“Thriller”) iii. “American Film Musical” (“Beat It”) |
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Michael Jackson’s Billie Jean |
• Concept video • Directed by Steve Barron • Concept: man with the Midas touch • Cost $160,000 to make • Pop • In the video: 1. no instruments 2. singing? 3. performing and acting in the narrative |
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Michael Jackson’s Thriller |
• Movie genre music video • Inspired by film An American Werewolf in London • Movie and music video were both directed by John Landis • Voice-over partway through done by Vincent Price (did a lot of voicing in Horror movies, provides interests to adults to watch music video cause they know Price) • The Making of Thriller available on VHS (becomes #3 selling video behind Jane Fonda’s Workout) |
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Michael Jackson’s Beat It |
• 'American Film Musical' music video • Directed by Bob Giraldi • Based off of WestSide Story (2 gangs: Jets and Sharks about to fight, -Jackson comes in and breaks it up (through a dancechorus)
• What makes it pop music? 1. 8 measure sections 2. Lots of choruses early on + lots at end 3. No instruments in video 4. Dance 5. Drum machine & pop-synthesizer 6. Lip synching |
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??? |
Michael Jackson’s Beat It |