Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is function, genre, and style?
|
-Function=what music can be used for
-Genre=particular type of music of composition -Style=using musical elements |
|
|
What was the biggest influence in the Medieval period?
|
-The Roman Catholic Church
-Ppl in church literate -Center for learning and art -Only place for women to be educated |
|
|
What did early music notation look like?
|
Text and squiggles, one line developed, then more added
|
|
|
What is the Age of Chivalry?
|
Influences musics/art, knights and romance shift from religious themes
|
|
|
Explain religious music
|
-Daily offices=in between work go to church
-Liturgy=set order of services and the structure of each service -No instruments besides organ and no women |
|
|
What is Gregorian Chant?
|
-Official music of Roman Catholic Church
-Melody=conjunct -Meter=no meter, rhythm -Texture=monophonic, unaccompanied (accapella) -In Latin |
|
|
What are the three types of chant?
|
1.Syllabic=1 syllable per note
2.Neumatic=5 or 6 on one syllable 3.Melismatic=many notes per syllable |
|
|
What is a mass and what are the two kinds?
|
-Church service w/ communion, certain parts set to music
1.proper=change every week 2.ordinary=never change |
|
|
Who was Hildegard of Bingen?
|
-German, nobility but 10th child, went into a convent, mystic, wrote music poetry
-Plainchant, but uses large leaps and ornation |
|
|
What was a piece composed by Hildegard of Bingen? Describe it.
|
Alleluia, O virga mediatrix= honoring virgin Mary, melisma (one syllable w/ lots of notes), monophonic
|
|
|
What is organum?
|
Another voice part to Gregorian chant, independent part
|
|
|
Who was Leonin and Perotin?
|
-Leonin=Notre Dame School, 1st composer who names works, "Great Book of Organum"
-Perotin=student of Leonin, expanded organum from 2 to 3 parts |
|
|
What were characteristics of secular music in the middle ages?
|
-Vocal and instrumental
-Poetry about war, politics, love and lament, chivalry -Earliest in Latin |
|
|
What role did Minstrels play?
|
-Wandering musicians
-Troubadours and trouveres in France -Germany=minnesingers -Women=trabaritz |
|
|
What is chanson?
|
-French mono/polyphonic song,
-Popular in middle ages-renaissance |
|
|
What is an example of a chanson?
|
Sumer is icumen in=Summer is a coming in, set as a round, text in middle English, polyphonic
|
|
|
What is Ars Nova?
|
-"New style"
-Has meter, rhythm, harmony, notation |
|
|
Who was Guillaume Machaut and what movement was he associated with?
|
-Ars Nova
-French, studied theology but worked in courts -Sacred music---secular |
|
|
What was a piece by Machaut?
|
"Puis qu'en oubi= Since I am Forgotten, love song
|
|
|
What invention happened in the renaissance?
|
Invention of the printing press, notation easier to mass produce, cheaper and more accessible
|
|
|
What was humanism?
|
-System of thought w/ prime importance to human (rather than god)
-Goodness of humans -Greek/Roman revival -Realism in art (naked form) -Rise of Protestantism |
|
|
What are characteristics of the Renaissance?
|
1.Polyphonic or homophonic
2.Sacred music still a cappella 3.Imitative style of polyphony (canon or round) 4."Fuller" chords (harmony we are used to) 5.Latin in church (same) 7.Composers signed works |
|
|
What were components of the ordinary mass?
|
-Kyrie towards beginning
-Gloria=glory to God -Credo=creed, stand and state what you believe -Sanctus=during communion -Agnus Dei=priest breaks bread -Cantas firmus=fixed melody, basis of mass movement |
|
|
What is the definition of a movement?
|
A complete, self-contained part w/in a larger musical work
|
|
|
Who was G.P. Palestrina?
|
Late Renaissance, grew up working in Catholic Church, fired b/c he was married, wrote sacred
|
|
|
What was a piece by Palestrina?
|
-Pope Marcellus Mass= "Gloria", preformed at installation of new pope
-Polyphony |
|
|
What was the Council of Trent?
|
-Counter-Reformation
-18 years, trying to figure out what to do -Music too theatrical, go back to chant(?) |
|
|
What is a motet?
|
1 movement, vocal sacred song set to a Latin text other than in the ordinary mass
|
|
|
Who was a motet composer?
|
Josquin Des Prez= Franco-Flemish, sacred and secular music, wrote poetry and humanist stuff
|
|
|
What piece did des Perez compose?
|
Ave Maria=motet, hym to Mary, imitative style
|
|
|
What is a positive/portativ?
|
Portable organ
|
|
|
What is a madrigal?
|
-Composition for several voices set to a short lyrical poem
-1 voice to a part -Came from Italian courts -Partbooks=collection of madrigals -Orginally a cappella, added accompaniment |
|
|
What is text painting?
|
Make music reflect meaning of words
|
|
|
Who was Jaques Arcadelt and what kind of music did he write?
|
-Italian composer
-Book of madrigals |
|
|
What is a piece by Acradelt?
|
Il Blanco e dolce cigno=the white and sweet song, homophonic, poem about a swan dying or orgasm (euphemism)
|
|
|
What are the two types of instrumental music?
|
1.Loud band=outdoors, loud, brass, natural trumpets, cornett, trombones but smaller (sackbutts)
2.Soft band=Indoors, quieter, keyboard, recorders |
|
|
What are some instruments of the Renaissance and early Baroque period?
|
-Viols=violin held in lap
-Lute=sound like guitar, more strings -Theorbo=bass lute -Recorders=wooden -Baroque flute=wooden -Shawm=ancestor of oboe -Natural trumpet=no valves -Crumhorns=umbrella handle shape, double reed, loud -Sackbuts=have slides -Cornett=woodwind, but buzz -Serpent=coiled, ancestor of tuba |
|
|
What were characteristics of the Baroque Period of music?
|
-Bizzare, flamboyant, fussy, exaggerated, emotional
-"Age of Absolutism" -Rise of middle-class culture -Religious wars -Turbulent change in science, politics, and art |
|
|
What is a monody?
|
-Songs, featuring solo song w/ instrumental accompaniment
|
|
|
Who were the Florentine Camerata?
|
-Peri, Caccini, Galilei
-Invented opera -Chords significant on own |
|
|
What were the new harmonic structures created in the Baroque era?
|
-Figured bass=numbers slow notes, revolutionary to indicate chords
-Basso continuo=instrument that played figured figured bass line (cello, bassoon, keyboard) -Major/minor tonality=all music is major or minor -Equal temperment=same tuning -Key color=associations of themes with keys |
|
|
What is the Doctrine of Affections?
|
Music should evoke emotions or moods
|
|
|
What is an opera?
|
-Large scale drama that is sung
-Aristocracy -Scenery, acting, poetry, costumes, ect. |
|
|
What is recitative and what are the two kinds?
|
-Used to advance plot, conversational
-Secco=dry, singer only accompanied by one -Accompagnato=accompanied singing |
|
|
What is the function of a chorus?
|
Crowd scenes that comment on what is happening
|
|
|
What is an overture?
|
By orchestra, sets mood, opens opera. Sinfonias in between scenes
|
|
|
What were early opera themes?
|
-Greek, mythology, history
-Becomes public entertainment $$ |
|
|
Who were the Castrato?
|
Males castrated to preserve high voice, played women in operas
|
|
|
Who was Claudio Monteverdi and what did he write?
|
-1st great master of opera
-The Convocation of Poppea= last opera he wrote, drawn from history, about Octavio's affair with Poppea |
|
|
What is the definition of a Cantata?
|
-Vocal genre, composition in several movements for soloist, chorus and orchestra
-Based on lyric or dramatic poetic narrative or scripture - |
|
|
Who was Bach and what did he write?
|
-Trained by brother, musical fam, music direction at St. Thomas church, wrote instrumental, vocal, and keyboard (not opera)
-"Wachet auf ruft uns die Stimme"=about bride/groom and lamps, cantata |
|
|
What is the definition of an oratorio?
|
Large scale composition, opera but not staged, features biblical story but not in church.
|
|
|
Who was Handel and what did he compose?
|
-Baroque, German, studied Italian opera, debtors prison, did oratorios in English
-Messiah=most popular oratorio, 20 male singers, huge orchestra, based on bible verses |
|
|
Who was a libretto?
|
Someone who wrote text for operas (not the composer)
|
|
|
What is a Concerto and what are the two types?
|
-"To vie with"
1.Concerto grosso=large, several movements pit a small group of instruments against a big group (small=concertino, large=ripieno) -Solo=soloist w/orchestra |
|
|
What is an example of a solo concerto?
|
The Four Seasons=Vivaldi, solo concerto, 4 movements for each season, each w/ a poem
|
|
|
Who was Vivaldi?
|
Composer and master violinist, Italian, taught at a music school, wrote concertos
|
|
|
What are terraced dynamics?
|
Loud loud, soft soft, not a gradual crescendo
|
|
|
Who were some famous violin and string makers?
|
-Stradivori=special wood, violins
-Guarneri and Amati=made cellos and violas too, not as valuable |
|
|
WHat is a baroque suite?
|
-Set of dance inspired movements, all different tempos and meters
-Orchestral, keyboard, small groups |
|
|
What is an example of a Baroque suite?
|
Alla Hornpipe=Handel's Water Music, orchestral suite (1 of 3), played for a royal party
|
|
|
What are different keyboards?
|
-Harpsichord=at home, looks like piano, 1 or 2 keyboards
-Pipe organ=church, bellows, air pressure, Baraque ("Golden Age of Organ") -Clavichord=at home, expressive, softer, ancestor of piano |
|
|
What are types of keyboard music?
|
1.Passacalia=reoccurring baseline
2.Toccata=free improvisation, to show off keyboard 3.Fugue=polyphonic based on unifying theme/subject |
|
|
What is an example of a fugue?
|
Art of the Fugue=collection of fugues by Bach (14)
|
