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122 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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The bony frame of the body is called |
Skelton |
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Muscles are made up of |
tissue made up of contractile fibers that produce movement |
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The musculoskeletal system includes |
Skeletal muscles, bones, joints, tendons, ligaments |
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What is the function of the musculoskeletal system |
to provide frameworks, protects delicate organs, from its movement, produces some blood cells |
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What is stored in the musculoskeletal system |
Phosphorus and calcium |
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how many bones are in the human body |
206 |
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What are the four types of bones in the musculoskeletal system |
Long, short, irregular, flat |
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What happens to bones that are not used |
You lose calcium and become less functional |
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What do aging in changes to the musculoskeletal system include |
Decreased strength, endurance, muscle tone, and reaction time. Loss of elasticity of muscles and decrease size in muscle mass |
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What are aging effects on the spine |
Less stability less flexible and easily injured |
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Do muscles work in pairs or alone |
Pairs |
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What are aging effects on the joints |
Deterioration of the joints results in limited movement and stiffness and pain |
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What are joints |
where two bones meet |
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What is a ligament |
A tough white fibrous cord that connects bone to bone |
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What is a tendon |
Connects muscle to bone |
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What are bursa |
Sac of synovial fluid located around joints that help reduce friction |
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What is bursitis |
Inflammation of the bursa |
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What is arthritis |
Inflammation of the joints |
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What are common forms of arthritis |
Osteoarthritis, gout, rheumatoid arthritis |
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What does rheumatoid arthritis affect |
This affects the lining of the joints and other body systems |
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Exacerbation mean |
Worsening of a chronic medical condition |
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Rheumatoid arthritis is a condition of |
Remission and exacerbation |
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What is remission |
Times in which a chronic disease seems stable |
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What does rheumatoid arthritis do to the joint |
reduces joint function and causes deformities that are severe and disabling |
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what is OJD |
Osteoarthritis joint disease |
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What is DJD |
Degenerative joint disease |
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what do OJ D and DJ D effect |
affect the ends of the bones that form the joints. The bones rub together and cause pain and deformity |
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which joints are affected with osteoarthritis joint disease and degenerative joint disease |
Weight bearing joints |
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What is gout |
Gout is a form of arthritis where uric acid crystallizes in the joint and is very painful |
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What is the cause of gout |
uric acid build up in the blood. |
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What can gout lead to |
Complete disability, hypertension, chronic renal disease |
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What is osteoporosis |
A metabolic disorder in which bones become porous and spongy |
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What is the risk of osteoporosis in the affected bones |
Fracture |
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What is osteoporosis caused from |
unknown, but possible years of poor calcium intake |
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The onset of osteoporosis sometimes begins with |
Sometimes the onset of osteoporosis begins with a curvature of the spine and loss of heights |
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What is commonly heard as a patient moves as a first sign of osteoporosis |
pop or snapping in a bone |
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What is the first sign of osteoporosis |
Possibly a fracture |
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What happens during curvature of the spine |
The back progressively weakens straining the neck hips and lower back |
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Spontaneous fractures may occur when |
movement, or as a result of minor injury |
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What is fibromyalgia |
A chronic pain syndrome |
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is there a cure for fibromyalgia |
No |
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Who does fibromyalgia affect more |
Women |
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How do you become diagnosed with fibromyalgia |
Must have pain above and below the waist on both sides of the body |
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how many body sites must pain be in to be diagnosed for fibromyalgia |
11 out of 18 |
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Where are the body sites of pain for fibromyalgia |
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Muscles make up how much of your body's weight |
about half |
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What are the three types of muscles |
skeletal (voluntary), smooth (involuntary), and cardiac |
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what does osteo mean |
bone |
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What is the treatment for bursitis |
Rest, ice, compression, NSAID, steroid injection |
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What does NSAID stand for |
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
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What is a synovial membrane |
A layer of connective tissue that lines the cavities of the joint |
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PIP |
Proximal interphalangeal |
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Where, on the body, is gout most common |
Feet and legs |
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Gout is marked by |
Constant pain, tenderness and swelling in the joints |
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what part of the body is usually not affected by osteoarthritis |
Wrist, elbows or shoulders |
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What are risk factors of osteoarthritis |
Family history, contact sports, and obesity |
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People with osteoarthritis usually complain of |
Pain in the knee, hip, hand or spine |
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What is the common sign of osteoarthritis |
Cartilage destruction |
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Arthritis, osteoporosis and fibromyalgia can cause mild |
Discomfort, severe deformities, disability |
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patients with arthritis, osteoporosis, and fibromyalgia are at high risk for |
Contractures |
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how should you handle people with arthritis, osteoporosis, or fibromyalgia |
Slowly, gently |
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What should be used to transfer patients with osteoporosis |
Mechanical lift or transfer belt |
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How do you turn a patient with osteoporosis in bed |
with sheets or turning devices |
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when a person has osteoporosis what should you avoid doing to the body |
Pulling on the patient's body |
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What is a fracture |
A fracture is a break in the continuity of a bone |
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What is the most common cause of a fracture |
A fall |
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How are fractures classified |
By the type of break and if the skin is broken |
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A break across the entire cross section of the bone is this type of fracture |
complete |
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What are the risk factors of gout |
Obesity and dopamine |
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What are risk factors of osteoporosis |
Estrogen deficiency, rheumatoid arthritis, corticosteroids, inactivity |
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Incomplete fracture |
Involves only part of the cross section of the bone |
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Closed fracture |
Also known as a simple fracture the skin is not broken |
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Open fracture |
Also known as a compound fracture, occurs when the skin over the fracture is broken. The bone may or may not protrude |
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Pathologic fracture |
Fracture in a diseased bone |
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Greenstick fracture |
Only one side of the bone is broken |
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Comminuted fracture |
Chattering and splintering of the bone into more than three fragments |
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Depressed fracture |
only in skull and face |
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Compression fracture |
Seen only in vertebrae of the spine |
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What is Chorea |
abnormal movements that are the primary sign of HD |
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Ecchymosis |
bruising in parts of the body that are very vascular |
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How are fractures treated |
Immobilize the injured area until healing takes place |
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How long do injured bones take to heal |
Several weeks to months |
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How will you assist a patient with a fracture |
ROM exercises of non-injured extremities, coughing and deep breathing to prevent pneumonia |
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When caring for a patient with a fracture is fluid intake encouraged or discouraged |
Encouraged |
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What does increased fluid intake do for the patient with a fracture |
liquefies secretions that accumulate in the lungs |
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What can assist the patient with a fracture in bed |
A trapeze |
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what two types of casts are there |
Plaster of Paris and fiberglass |
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what should you avoid resting a wet cast on |
hard flat surfaces or anything plastic under the wet cast |
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C.M.E.T stands for |
color, motion, edema, temperature |
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What would you use for a patient in a cast that is out of bed |
A sling, wheelchair with elevated leg rest for leg |
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When a patient is in a cast and is complaining of itching who do you tell |
The nurse |
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What cast is used for children |
A spica |
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When a child is in a spica cast, how do you turn the child |
turn the child on non casted side |
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when a child is in a spica cast what are you to do when moving |
Support the cast |
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what should you avoid when a child is in a spica cast |
pulling on the bar in between the legs |
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When a child is in a spica cast why should you protect the cast edges |
to protect genital area from rough edges |
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While a child is in a spica cast are you to monitor |
Signs and symptoms of pain |
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What is traction |
traction pulls to body areas slightly apart |
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What is the benefit of traction |
It relieves pressure, relaxes muscles, and maintains alignment |
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What two types of traction are used |
Skin and skeletal |
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What equipment does skeletal traction use |
Tongs or pins and weights that are attached |
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What are the most common fractures in the elderly |
Hip |
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A hip fracture can occur where |
Anywhere in the upper third or head of the femur it's not limited to the hip joint |
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What is the most common treatment for a fractured hip |
A surgical procedure called ORIF, OPEN REDUCTION INTERNAL FIXATION |
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What does THP stand for |
Total hip anthroplasty |
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What is THP |
Insertion of a hip prosthesis |
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What is removed during a THP |
The hip joint |
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When does compartment syndrome occur |
When pressure within the muscle increases blocking the flow of blood and oxygen |
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During compartment syndrome where does bleeding and swelling take place |
In the muscle tissue over time |
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What does CPM stand for |
Continuous passive motion |
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In compartment syndrome what happens if the swelling is not relieved |
Pressure will exceed blood pressure causing capillaries to collapse levels to the nerves and muscles stop |
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During compartment syndrome if the blood flow is not restored what happens |
Tissue death begins and you need to notify the nurse |
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The most common symptom of acute compartment syndrome is |
Severe pain especially when muscle is moved |
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What are some observations to make for compartment syndrome |
the color of the extremity is pale cyanotic, or red. skin may feel warm. Toes and fingers to the cast may feel cool, edema, there is no pulse in the extremity |
color is, the skin of the extremity is, fingers and toes to a cast extremity may feel, the pulse |
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The most common location of compartment syndrome in adults is where |
The tibia |
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The most common location of compartment syndrome in children is where |
The humerus |
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Where is pressure placed is a disc bulges or slips out of place |
The spinal nerves |
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signs and symptoms of a slipped disk or a ruptured disk are |
pain, numbness and tingling, weakness of one or two muscles |
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During spinal injury care you need to |
Vital signs and provide routine post-operative care, and good alignment, log roll technique, bleeding or fluid leakage, offer fracture pan, void, void less than 24 mL in 8 hours |
Monitor, keep the spine, use which technique when rolling patient, monitor dressing for, for elimination and voiding, inform the nurse when the patient is unable to |
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After cervical neck surgery care remember to |
Do not remove the cervical collar, keep the head midline straight, support the head neck and shoulders. |
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After cervical neck surgery care observe for |
abnormal drooping of the eye, constricted pupil, eye that appears to be sinking in the orbit, and lack of perspiration on the side of the face. |
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The pressure of tissue and fluid within the skull is called |
Intracranial pressure |
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