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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Klumpke paralysis
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can occur during delivery
baby is breach w/ arms extended ->stretches lower brachial plexus from C8-T1 paralysis of intrinsic hand muscles, numbness along inner aspect of hand |
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Erb palsy
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can occur during delivery
damage to C5-C6 causes 'waiter's tip arm' ->loss of flexion and supination by the biceps muscle |
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radial nerve lesions
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cause wrist drop
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ulnar nerve lesions
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cause clawing of ring and little fingers
wasting of hypothenar muscles |
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Becker muscular dystropy
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dystrophin mutation
->point mutations permit residual fxn of dystrophin molecule (so better Px than Duchenne) |
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osteopetrosis
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genetic deficiency of CAI-II
due to osteoclast dysfxn manifests in infancy or childhood with bone fragility and recurrent fractures |
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peroneal nerve
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common = neck of fibula
two branches: ->superficial: skin of dorsum of foot ->deep: dorsiflexion of the foot, toe extension, foot inversion |
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stapedius muscle is innervated by
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the facial nerve
paralysis = hyperacusis |
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source of bone-forming cells following a fracture
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damaged periosteum
-some of these cells can become lost and form inappropriate bone that impairs joint movement [heterotopic ossification] |
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hyaline cartilage is very vulnerable to infection because
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it is relatively avascular
so immune system can't access it also, cartilage is not innervated |
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lower trunk of the brachial plexus
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C8, T1
intrinsic muscles of hand ->ad and abduction of digits ->opposition of the thumb *injured when reaching up forcefully |
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upper trunk of brachial plexus
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C5, C6
muscles in proximal upper limb, shoulder and axilla does not innervate hand muscles |
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deltoids
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arises from clavicle and acromion
innervated by axillary nerve ->damaged by fracture/dislocation of humeral neck |
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clubbing is associated with
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lung cancer, mesothelioma, bronchiectasis, cirrhosis
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other flexors of the elbow besides the long head of the biceps tendon
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brachialis and brachioradialis
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muscle that protects underlying structures of the clavicle [subclavian vessels and brachial plexus]
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subclavius muscle
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aphthous ulcer
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very painful lesions of oral mucosa
unclear etiology more common in age 10-20 recurrent shallow ulcers w/erythematous border |
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injury to long thoracic nerve
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=winging of the scapula
(innervates serratus anterior) |
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skin epithelial stem cells are located
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in hair follicles and sweat glands of the dermis
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how does Botox weaken muscle?
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prevents fusion of motor neuron secretory vesicles with the nerve membrane (via cleavage of v-SNARE)
->prevents release of ACh |
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pancytopenia suggests what?
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decrease in marrow cavity size
may be due to bony overgrowth (in processes like osteopetrosis) *anemia is refractory to Tx |
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spongiotic dermatitis
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seen in cases of contact dermatitis (like poison ivy)
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interosseus muscles are innervated by
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the ulnar nerve
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median nerve innervates
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all thenar muscles:
--abductor pollicus brevis --flexor pollicus brevis --opponens pollicus |
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dermatitis herpetiformis
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strongly ass'd with celiac disease
life long, intermittent course papules and vesicles on an erythematous base ->extensor surfaces of the extremities and buttocks histo: papillary dermal poly abscesses w/IgA and C3 deposits Tx: dapsone |
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Gaucher crisis
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acute ischemia to the bone, usually in pelvis, femoral head
pain sudden, progressive, >2 wks usually follows viral infxn also see osteosclerotic bone and corticomedullary osteonecrosis |
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fibromyalgia [fibrositis]
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women btwn 20-50
widespread chronic muscle pain that improves w/exercise chronic fatigue and severe headaches also seen phys exam = 'trigger points' objective/lab signs of inflammation are absent Tx: TCAs [amitriptyline] |
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acanthosis nigricans
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looks like moles, warts but is due to epidermal hyperplasia
seen in obesity, DM, and in pts with underlying visceral adenocarcinomas |
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buccinator muscle paralysis
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compression of the facial nerve w/in the facial canal [Bell's palsy]
food and saliva accumulate btwn teeth and cheek |
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structures in intercostal space
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from superior to inferior:
vein artery nerve [most likely to be damaged] |
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obturator nerve
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innervates muscles of medial compartment of the thigh
->adductor longus, brevus and magnus, and gracilus |
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cephalic vein
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arises from elbow along anterolateral surface of arm
found in deltopectoral groove ->btwn deltoid + pect major (diagonally below clavicle) |
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most common site for development of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
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head and neck
also develops in GU tract and extremities |
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how do corticosteroids contribute to fractures?
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inhibit proliferation and fxn of osteoblasts
stimulate formation and activity of osteoclasts |
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bone disease associated with McCune Albright syndrome
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polyostic fibrous dysplasia
->local bony defects with unmineralized whorls of connective tissue *also see Coast of Maine cafe au lait spots and precocious puberty |
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Trendelenberg sign
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tests gluteus medius and minimus
ask pt to stand on one leg, and they fall to the opposite side |
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myositis ossificans
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usually occurs in young adults following trauma
area of damage heals with fibroblastic proliferation that ossifies Xray= flocculant radiodensities surrounding a radiolucent center |
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hallmark of osteomalacia/rickets
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widened osteoid seams due to poor mineralization of the bone
trabeculae are normal in number and size but don't mineralize effectively |
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most common form of skin cancer in albinism
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squamous cell
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HLA type associed with psoriasis
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HLA-B13
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allopecia areta
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autoimmune attack on hair follicles
has a wide range of clinical severity: more severe can involve the entire body surface |
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silver sulfadazine cream
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bacteriacidal for gram positives, negatives and fungi
prevention/Tx of wound sepsis in 2nd and 3rd degree burn pts |
