Musculoskeletal Disorders

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hallux valgus

Back 1

A bunion is a structural deformity of the bones and the joint between the foot and big toe, and it may be painful. The term "hallux valgus" are the most commonly-used medical terms associated with a bunion deformity, where "hallux" refers to the great toe, "valgus" refers to the abnormal angulation of the great toe commonly associated with bunion deformities

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hyperuricemia

Back 2

A level of uric acid in the blood that is abnormally high

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involucrum

Back 3

A layer of new bone growth outside existing bone seen in pyogenic osteomyelitis. It results from the stripping off of the periosteum by the accumulation of pus within the bone, and new bone growing from the periosteum.

Front 4

joint effusion

Back 4

Increased fluid in synovial cavity of a joint.

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myalgia

Back 5

"Muscle pain" and is a symptom of many diseases and disorders. The most common causes are the overuse or over-stretching of a muscle or group of muscles. Myalgia without a traumatic history is often due to viral infections.

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Bouchard's nodes

Back 6

Hard, bony outgrowths or gelatinous cysts on the proximal interphalangeal joints (the middle joints of fingers or toes.) They are a sign of osteoarthritis, and are caused by formation of calcific spurs of the articular (joint) cartilage.

Front 7

Heberden's nodes

Back 7

Hard or bony swellings that can develop in the distal interphalangeal joints (DIP) (the joints closest to the end of the fingers and toes). They are a sign of osteoarthritis and are caused by formation of osteophytes (calcific spurs) of the articular (joint) cartilage in response to repeated trauma at the joint.

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nonunion

Back 8

Permanent failure of healing following a broken bone. It
is a serious complication of a fracture and may occur when the fracture moves too much, has a poor blood supply or gets infected.

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osteoarthritis

Back 9

(also known as degenerative arthritis, degenerative joint disease), is a group of diseases and mechanical abnormalities involving degradation of joints, including articular cartilage and the subchondral bone next to it.

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osteomalacia

Back 10

The softening of the bones due to defective bone mineralization. A common cause of the disease is a deficiency in vitamin D, which is normally obtained from the diet and/or sunlight exposure.

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osteomyelitis

Back 11

An infection of the bone or bone marrow

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osteoporosis

Back 12

A disease of bone that leads to an increased risk of fracture. In osteoporosis the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture is disrupted, and the amount and variety of proteins in bone is altered.

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Paget's disease

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It is a chronic disorder that typically results in enlarged and deformed bones. The excessive breakdown and formation of bone tissue that occurs with this disease can cause bone to weaken, resulting in bone pain, arthritis, deformities, and fractures.

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pannus

Back 14

Medical term for a hanging flap of tissue. In people suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, pannus tissue eventually forms in the joint affected by the disease, causing loss of bone and cartilage.

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Rheumatoid factor

Back 15

(RF or RhF) is an autoantibody (antibody directed against an organism's own tissues) most relevant in rheumatoid arthritis. It is an antibody against the Fc portion of IgG, which is itself an antibody. RF and IgG join to form immune complexes which contribute to the disease process.

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Rheumatoid nodule

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A local swelling or tissue lump, usually rather firm to touch, which occurs almost exclusively in association with rheumatoid arthritis. They are usually subcutaneous especially over bony prominences such as the tip of the elbow or olecranon or over the finger knuckles.

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rickets

Back 17

A softening of bones in children potentially leading to fractures and deformity. Rickets is among the most frequent childhood diseases in many developing countries. The predominant cause is a vitamin D deficiency, but lack of adequate calcium in the diet may also lead to rickets.

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sequestrum

Back 18

A piece of dead bone that has become separated during the process of necrosis from normal/sound bone. A complication (sequela) of osteomyelitis.

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sprain

Back 19

An injury to ligaments that is caused by being stretched beyond their normal capacity and possibly torn.

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strain

Back 20

An injury to a muscle or tendon in which the muscle fibers tear as a result of overstretching. Also colloquially known as pulled muscles.

Front 21

subluxation

Back 21

Implies the presence of an incomplete or partial dislocation of a joint or organ.

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swan-neck deformity

Back 22

A deformed position of the finger, in which the joint closest to the fingertip is permanently bent toward the palm while the nearest joint to the palm is bent away from it (DIP hyperflexion with PIP hyperextension). It is commonly caused by injury or inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or sometimes might be familial (congenital)

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synovitis

Back 23

The medical term for inflammation of the synovial membrane. This membrane lines joints which possess cavities, known as synovial joints.

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tophus

Back 24

A deposit of monosodium urate crystals in people with longstanding high levels of uric acid in the blood. Tophi are most commonly seen in conjunction with the disease of gout, and most people with tophi have already developed gouty symptoms previously.
Tophi form in the joints, cartilage, bones, and other places throughout the body.

Front 25

ulnar deviation/ drift

Back 25

Also known as ulnar drift, is a hand deformity in which the swelling of the metacarpophalangeal joints (the big knuckles at the base of the fingers) causes the fingers to become displaced, tending towards the little finger. Its name comes from the displacement toward the ulna (as opposed to radial deviation, in which fingers are displaced toward the radius). Ulnar deviation is likely to be a characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis, more than of osteoarthritis.

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Arthralgia

Back 26

Pain in the joints

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Arthritis

Back 27

The inflammation of one or more joints, which results in pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited movement

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Gouty Arthritis

Back 28

a form of arthritis caused by deposits of needle-like crystals of uric acid.

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Rheumatoid Arthritis

Back 29

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that most typically affects the small joints in your hands and feet. Unlike the wear-and-tear damage of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis affects the lining of your joints, causing a painful swelling that can eventually result in bone erosion and joint deformity

Front 30

Boutonniere Deformity

Back 30

Is a deformed position of the finger, in which the joint nearest the knuckle is permanently bent toward the palm while the furthest joint is bent back away. It is commonly caused by injury or by an inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.

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Callus

Back 31

Is an especially toughened area of skin which has become relatively thick and hard in response to repeated friction, pressure, or other irritation. Rubbing that is too frequent or forceful will cause blisters rather than allow calluses to form

Front 32

Compartment Syndrome

Back 32

The compression of nerves, blood vessels and muscle inside a closed space (compartment) within the body. This leads to tissue death due to lack of oxygenation as the blood vessels are compressed by the raised pressure within the compartment. Compartment syndrome most commonly involves the forearm and lower leg

Front 33

Degenerative joint disease

Back 33

Also called: Osteoarthritis- is a group of diseases and mechanical abnormalities involving degradation of joints including articular cartilage and the subchondral bone next to it.

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Dislocation

Back 34

A dislocation is a separation of two bones where they meet at a joint. (Joints are areas where two bones come together.) A dislocated bone is no longer in its normal position. A dislocation may also cause ligament or nerve damage

Front 35

Fibromyalgia

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common condition characterized by long-term, body-wide pain and tender points in joints, muscles, tendons, and other soft tissues

Front 36

Closed fracture (simple)

Back 36

A fracture that that does not produce an open wound in the skin

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Comminuted fracture

Back 37

one in which the bone is splintered or crushed

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Complete fracture

Back 38

one involving the entire cross section of the bone

Front 39

Compression fracture

Back 39

A collapse of a vertebra. It may be due to trauma or due to a weakened vertebra in a patient with osteoporosis or osteogenesis imperfecta.

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Greenstick fracture

Back 40

one in which one side of a bone is broken, the other being bent

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Incomplete fracture

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one which does not entirely destroy the continuity of the bone

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Longitudinal fracture

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A fracture that follows the long axis of the bone.

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Oblique fracture

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A fracture that is diagonal to a bone's long axis

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Open (compound) fracture

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one in which a wound through the adjacent or overlying soft tissues communicates with the site of the break

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Pathologic fracture

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one due to weakening of the bone structure by pathologic processes, such as neoplasia, osteomalacia, or osteomyelitis

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Spiral fracture

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one in which the bone has been twisted apart

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Stress fracture

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that caused by unusual or repeated stress on a bone

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Transverse fracture

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A fracture that is at a right angle to the bone's long axis

Front 49

Gout

Back 49

A medical condition that usually presents with recurrent attacks of acute inflammatory arthritis (red, tender, hot, swollen joint). It is caused by elevated levels of uric acid in the blood that crystallizes and deposits in joints, tendons, and surrounding tissues

Front 50

Tophaceous gout

Back 50

A chronic form of gout. Nodular masses of uric acid crystals (tophi) are deposited in different soft tissue areas of the body. Even though tophi are most commonly found as hard nodules around the fingers, at the tips of the elbows, and around the big toe, tophi nodules can appear anywhere in the body.