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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Pain |
Personal and subjective experience with few/no objecrive measurements |
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Nursing Definition of Pain |
whatever the person says it is and existing whenever thebperson says it does |
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General Rule of Pain |
Pain is whatever the patient reports it to be |
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Pain Theories |
Specific Theory Gate Control Theory Intensity Theory Pattern Theory |
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Specific Theory |
Specialized pathways for pain transmission exists Free nerve endinga exist in the periphery as pain receptors Specific nerves transmit specific pain |
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Intensity Theory |
Follows point of threshold |
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Pattern Theory |
Certain patterns of pain are sent by specific nerve cells Myelinated nerves transmit signals faster tgab unmyelinated nerves |
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3 process of pain |
1. Transduction 2. Transmission 3. Modulation |
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Pain Transduction |
Stimulation of the nociceptors |
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Pain Transmission |
Discharged impulse travels as electric activity to spinal cord and brain (pain sensation) |
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A-beta A-delta C-fibers |
-larger and carry other sensory information such as touch -transmit pain fast -transmit pain more slowly and has no myelin sheath |
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Pain Modulation |
Variation in the way clients perceive similarly painful stimuli |
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Pain Perception Pathway |
Stimulus -> Nociceptors G primary afferent fibers -> dorsal horn of spinal cord -> synapse with spinothalamic tract neurons -> cross over and then ascend in the spinal cord -> thalamus and midbrain (perceived and interpreted) -> efferent nerve fibers g motor impulse -> protecticr reflex to pain |
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Pain Tolerance |
Amount of pain client is willing to endure |
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Psychological Responses to Pain |
- Dilation of bronchial tubes and increased RR - Increased HR - Peripheral vasoconstriction (pallor and increased BP) - Increased Muscle Tension - Dilation of Pupils - Decreased GI Motility |
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Pain is dangerous for diabetic px because pain can cause spike in the blood glucose T or F |
True |
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Pain is dangerous for diabetic px because pain can cause spike in the blood glucose T or F |
True |
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Pain Perception Pathway |
Stimulus -> Nociceptors -> primary afferent fibers -> dorsal horn of spinal cord -> synapse with spinothalamic tract neurons -> cross over and then ascend in the spinal cord -> thalamus and midbrain (perceived and interpreted) -> efferent nerve fibers g motor impulse -> protecticr reflex to pain |
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Gate Control Theory |
Contrilled by dorsal horn on spinal cord (substantia gelatinosa) more difficult to alleviate pain once gate is closed |
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Physiological responses to pain (non-behavioral)
SYMPATHETIC |
- dilation of bronchial tubes & increased RR - increased HR - peripheral vasoconstri (pallor and increased BP) - Diaphoresis - increased muscle tension - dilation of pupils - decreased GI motility |
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Pain is not a response; it is a disease T or F |
False |
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Physiological Responses to Pain (behavioral) |
Anticipation - person learns abt pain -ask if masakit ang surgery Sensation - pain is felt; gauging tolerance level of pain Aftermath - pain is reduced or stopped |
ASA |
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Physiological Responses to Pain (behavioral) |
Anticipation - person learns abt pain -ask if masakit ang surgery Sensation - pain is felt; gauging tolerance level of pain Aftermath - pain is reduced or stopped |
ASA |
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Behavioral indicators of pain |
Vocalization Facial Expression Body Movement Social Interaction |
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Factors influencing pain |
Age Sex Culture Meaning of Pain Previous Experience Coping Style Family & Social Support Attention Anxiety Fatigue |
ASCMPCFAAF |
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Assess for |
Onset/Time of Occurrence Duration Severity/Intensity Mode of Transmissio Location/Source Causation Causative Forces/Agent |
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Types of Pain |
Acute Pain Chronic Pain Cutaneous/Superficial Pain Deep Somatic Pain Visceral Pain Referred Pain Malignant Pain Pain of Psychological Origin |
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Pain known as parietal and more severe, can be specified |
Deep Somatic Pain |
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Pain that starts at one area and moves to another |
Referred Pain |
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