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16 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Alport syndrome

X-linked inherited deficiency in type IV collagen


Kidney failure


Hearing loss


Leiomyomatosis


Eye changes


Aortic dissection



Post-kidney transplant, patients can rarely develop autoantibodies to type IV collagen, similar to the pathology in Goodpasture syndrome (Alport post-transplant anti-GBM disease)

Post transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD)

B-cell clonality associated with EBV due to immunosuppression



Treatment: reduction of immunosuppression and chemotherapy

Renal tubular acidosis

RTA type 1 - more common than type 2, associated with sjogren's disease


RTA type 2 - Wilson's disease, fanconi etc

Indication for urgent kidney transplant

Lack of dialysis access


Severe psychological problem


Severe complication of haemodialysis (eg hypotension during dialysis)


Uraemic polyneuropathy


Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis

Due to reaction to drugs eg NSAIDs, penicillin


Arthralgia, fever, rash


Raised urea, creatinine


Eosinophilia, eosinophils in urine


Raised IgE

Sterile pyuria

WCC>10 in urine


If suspicious of infection, think genitourinary TB and send off urine for mycobacterial culture

Small kidney

Chronic pyelonephritis (most likely if previous pyelonephritis)


Congenital renal atrophy


Renal artery stenosis (very rare in young adults unless due to fibromuscular dysplasia or takayasu arteritis)

ADPKD screening

Renal USS - most accurate after 20 years old, as you can get false negative when scanned before 20

Bartter, Gitelman, Liddle

Bartter presents in childhood due to failure to thrive

Graft rejection

Scleroderma renal crisis

AKI + hypertension + MAHA


Tachycardia/arrhythmia +/- LV failure due to raised TPR in MAHA


Treat with ACE inhibitor, monitor BP and renal function

Fibromuscular dysplasia

"Flash" pulmonary oedema in young adults with no cardiac problem.


"String of beads" caused by areas of relative stenoses alternating with small aneurysms


Most commonly found in renal or carotid arteries

Nephrogenic Vs Cranial DI

In Cranial DI, urine plasmolality should >660mOsmol/kg after desmopressin

Glomerulosclerosis

As scarring of kidney is already established, it is less useful to treat with steroid/immunosuppressant.


Control of BP has more impact on prognosis


Pre-op criteria in CKD patients

K+ <5.5,


If higher than 5.5 need to treat first and delay the surgery

Transplant categorisation