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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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acid + base ------->
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salt + water
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acid + carbonate ------->
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salt + water + carbon dioxide
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acid + metal ------->
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salt + hydrogen gas
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metal + oxygen ------->
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metal oxide
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metal + water ------->
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metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas
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What does increasing the surface area of a reactant do during a reaction?
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The increased surface area enables more acid (chemical) to be in contact with the other reactant particles.
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What does increasing the temperature do to reactant particles?
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Reactant particles move faster as they have more kinetic energy. This increase in energy enables more particles to have greater or equal to the activation energy.
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What are the four ways to increase the rate of a chemical reaction?
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-increase temperature.
-use a catalyst. -increase the concentration of the chemicals. -increase the surface area of a reactant. |
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What needs to happen for a successful reaction (collisions) to occur?
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-particles must collide in the first place.
-particles must have greater or equal to the activation energy. -particles must be at the right orientation. |
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How does the concentration of reactants affect the rate of a reaction?
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A higher concentration of a reactant has more particles per unit volume, therefore more particles will successfully collide per second.
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How do catalysts affect the rate of a reaction?
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Catalysts provide an alternative pathway for a reaction with lower activation energy. This enables more particles to have enough energy to react, therefore increasing the rate of reaction.
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What are isotopes?
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Isotopes are different forms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and mass numbers.
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What are ions?
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Ions are atoms that gain or lose electrons to gain a full outer shell and therefore become charged particles.
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What is the formula for hydrochloric acid?
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HCl.
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What is the formula for nitric acid?
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HNOɜ.
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What is the formula for sulfuric acid?
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H2SO4.
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What is the observation when an acid and a carbonate are mixed?
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An acid and a carbonate solution produce a salt and carbon dioxide. This is shown by fizzing and bubbling as the products are formed, this also turns lime water milky.
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What is the observation when an acid is added to a base?
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An acid and a base neutralize to produce a salt and water, this is shown when universal indicator is added and the solution turns green to show it is neutral.
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What colour are strong acids on the pH scale?
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Red.
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What colour are strong bases on the pH scale?
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Purple/blue.
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Acids have high levels of what?
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H+ ions.
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Bases have high levels of what?
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OH- ions.
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What colour are neutral solutions on the pH scale?
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Green.
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What number on the pH scale are strong acids?
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1-3.
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What number on the pH scale are strong bases?
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12-14.
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What number on the pH scale are neutral solutions?
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7.
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