Motor Control (Study Guide Test 1)

Front 1

Motor skill

Back 1

Skill that requires voluntary body movement

Front 2

Motor skill is an indicator of:

Back 2

Performance quality/profiency

Front 3

In general motor skills of highly skilled performers are characterized as:

Back 3

Accurate, consistent, efficient

Front 4

Skills that require small muscles

Back 4

Fine motor skills

Front 5

Skills that require large muscles

Back 5

Gross motor skills

Front 6

Discrete task? Ex?

Back 6

Short lasting/single exertion. Pressing a keyboard

Front 7

Serial task? Ex?

Back 7

Sequence of discrete tasks. Typing name on keyboard

Front 8

Continuous task? Ex?

Back 8

On going task. Walking/running

Front 9

Which tasks are defined as having a distinct beginning and end? Which task does not?

Back 9

Discrete, serial

Continuous

Front 10

Cognitive skill: what determines success? Ex. Of cognitive skill?

Back 10

Strategy/decision making determines success.

Chess

Front 11

Motor skill: what determines success

Back 11

Quality of movement determines success

Front 12

Open skills? (Requires rapid decision making)

Back 12

Changing environment. Task cannot be planned in advance

Front 13

Closed skill? Ex?

Back 13

Unchanging (stable) environment, can be planned in advance

Golf swing

Front 14

Characteristics of skilled performance: ________ certainty, _______ energy expenditure, _________ movement time

Back 14

Maximum, minimum, minimum

Front 15

Processing used for serial information processes

Back 15

Controlled

Front 16

Reaction time

Back 16

Time between stimulus and onset of response

Front 17

Movement time

Back 17

Time between initiation and completion of response

Front 18

Motor time

Back 18

Time it takes for processes associated with muscle contraction (as measured by EMG)

Front 19

Measure of speed of information processing?

Back 19

Reaction time

Front 20

Information processing stages (3)

Back 20

Stimulus identification

Response selection

Response programming

Front 21

Stimulus identification? (Parallel or serial?)

Back 21

Identifying/detecting stimulus

Parallel

Front 22

Response selection?

(parallel or serial?)

Back 22

Decision making

Parallel and serial

Front 23

Response programming? (parallel or serial?)

Back 23

Preparation and initiation of movement

Serial

Front 24

Response selection factors

Back 24

# of stimulus response alternatives (choices), stimulus response compatability, effect of practice

Front 25

Response programming factors

Back 25

Response complexity, response duration

Front 26

The information processing stages occur in:

Back 26

Series

Front 27

Increased SR compatibility results in _________ reaction time. These changes are due to changes in _______ _______ stage.

Back 27

Decreased, response selection

Front 28

Increased complexity results in ________ reaction time. These changes are due to changes in the ________ ________ stage.

Back 28

Increased, response programming

Front 29

Decreased response duration results in _________ reaction times. These changes are due to changes in the ________ _______ stage.

Back 29

Decreased, response programming

Front 30

Hick's law states that reaction time will increase with increasing _________

Back 30

Stimulus response alternatives

Front 31

Type of reaction time for Hick's law is known as _________ reaction time

Back 31

Choice

Front 32

Lower limit for voluntary (simple) reaction time

Back 32

100 ms

Front 33

When two stimuli are presented in brief succession of each other with each stimulus requiring a separate response, one of the reaction times is affected. This is known as

Back 33

Psychological refractory period

Front 34

When the interval between two stimuli increases, the reaction time to the second stimulus ________.

Back 34

Decreases

Front 35

Psychological refractory period is suggested to result from an information ___________ in the response selection/response programming stages of information processing.

Back 35

Bottleneck

Front 36

Interference in information processing is taken to suggest the presence of ________ processes

Back 36

Serial

Front 37

Structural interference? ex?

Back 37

2 physical structures required. Playing piano AND typing a letter

Front 38

Capacity interference? Ex?

Back 38

Limited central resources.

Juggling and riding a unicycle

Front 39

Juggling and riding a unicycle (capacity interference) is produced because of limits on _________.

Back 39

Attention

Front 40

In the stroop task, the stimulus to respond to is the ___________ presented

Back 40

Color of ink

Front 41

Stroop interference is caused by _______ processes in the ________ stage of information processing

Back 41

Serial, response selection

Front 42

Sensory information decays from short term sensory memory after approximately __________.

Back 42

1/4 second

Front 43

Capacity of long term memory is ________

Back 43

Unlimited

Front 44

Technique that involves combining smaller units of information into larger units

Back 44

Chunking

Front 45

Human information processing in "working memory" is known as _________ memory

Back 45

Short term

Front 46

Which of the following is FALSE in regard to attention?

A) non concious b) affected by arousal/anxiety/effort c) serial in nature d) limited capacity

Back 46

A) non conscious

Front 47

Capacity of short term memory

Back 47

7 +- 2 bits

Front 48

The relation between performance and arousal is best described as

Back 48

Inverted u-relation

Front 49

Zone of optimal functioning refers to level of arousal that ___________ performance

Back 49

Maximizes performance

Front 50

High levels of arousal benefits performance in ___________.

Back 50

Well practiced tasks

Front 51

Perceptual narrowing occurs when there is a _______ level of _______.

Back 51

High, arousal

Front 52

Cue utilization hypothesis suggests performance degrades at high levels of arousal due to ______.

Back 52

Panic

Front 53

Shifting attention cues and missing relevant information is referred to as

Back 53

Distractibility

Front 54

Costs and benefits of anticipation

Back 54

Cost (incorrect anticipation): lead to increased reaction time

Benefit (correct anticipation): lead to decreased reaction time

Front 55

If stimulus L is anticipated and stimulus R is presented and the incorrect response is produced. The reaction time would be predicted to

Back 55

Decrease

Front 56

To deter baseball hitters from anticipating the type of pitch to be thrown baseball pitchers should

Back 56

Increase variety, reduce visual precues

Front 57

3 properties of a stimulus that may be predicted

Back 57

Where, when, what