Module 3

Front 1

Evolutionary psychologists

Back 1

study how natural selection has shaped our universal behavior tendencies

Front 2

heritability

Back 2

the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes of a trait

Front 3

Down’s syndrome

Back 3

extra chromosome on pair 21

Front 4

Turner’s syndrome

Back 4

only one chromosome for gender

Front 5

Klinefelter’s syndrome

Back 5

Three chromosomes for gender:

Front 6

memes

Back 6

self-replicating ideas, fashions, and innovations passed from person to person

Front 7

Secure attachment

Back 7

the infant explores the new situation while parent is present, gets upset when the parent leaves, and readily comes to the parent when he/she returns.

Front 8

Avoidant attachment

Back 8

the infant resists being held at all by the parent in a new situation and explores willingly. They do NOT go to the parent when he/she returns from being absent.

Front 9

Ambivalent/resistant attachment

Back 9

a sort of ‘unpredictable’ attachment. The infant may show extreme upset when parent leaves, but might not even return to the parent when he/she returns.

Front 10

Authoritarian

Back 10

these parents set strict rules and expect absolute compliance. There is little justification for (or discussion of) the rules, and punishment to discourage “bad behavior” is used much more frequently than reward to encourage “good behavior

Front 11

Permissive

Back 11

these parents do not have clear rules/expectations and generally do not have clear ‘consequences.’ Children, as a result, are more free to ‘do as they please.’

Front 12

Authoritative

Back 12

although it sounds like (and can be confused with) authoritarian, this one is like a ‘good mix’ of the other two styles. Rules are clear and are reasonable; discussion about rules and consequences is encouraged. Both reward and punishment are consistently and frequently used to shape the behavior of the children.

Front 13

Piaget

Back 13

cognitive mental stage theory

Front 14

Erikson

Back 14

social development stage theory

Front 15

Kohlburg

Back 15

Moral stage theory

Front 16

assimilate

Back 16

This is how we take in new information and incorporate it into what we already know

Front 17

schemas

Back 17

mental construct or a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

Front 18

accommodate

Back 18

this is how we ‘make room’ for new information in our schema

Front 19

Sensorimotor

Back 19

birth to 2 yrs.
experiencing the world through senses.

Front 20

preoperational

Back 20

2 to 6 years
representing things with words and images but lacking logical reasoning.

Front 21

concrete operational

Back 21

7 to 11 yrs. thinking logically
grasping concrete anologies; starting with mathematical operations.

Front 22

formal operational

Back 22

12-aduthood
abstract reasoning

Front 23

preconventional stage

Back 23

we make moral decisions based on the consequences

Front 24

conventional stage

Back 24

we make moral decisions based on what others expect from us.

Front 25

post-conventional stage

Back 25

we make moral decisions based on what we perceive as “right.”

Front 26

infancy (to one year)

Back 26

trust vs. mistrust.

Front 27

toddler hood (1-2yrs)

Back 27

Autonomy vs. shame doubt

Front 28

Preschooler(3-6)

Back 28

initiative vs. guilt

Front 29

elementry school (6-puberty)

Back 29

competence vs. inferiority

Front 30

Adolescence(teen-20s)

Back 30

identity vs. role confusion

Front 31

young adult(20-40s)

Back 31

intimacy vs. isolation

Front 32

middle adulthood (40-60)

Back 32

generativity vs. stagnation

Front 33

late adulthood (60s and up)

Back 33

integrity vs. despair.

Front 34

molecular geneticists

Back 34

deal with the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes. They don't look at heritability levels; they look for specific genes that influence behavior.

Front 35

Mutations

Back 35

random errors in gene replication

Front 36

DNA

Back 36

Chromosomes are made of

Front 37

norms

Back 37

accepted behavior according to cultures

Front 38

development

Back 38

process of growth, change, consistency brought about by an interaction of heredity and environment

Front 39

maturation

Back 39

rapid physical cognitive development that occurs after birth

Front 40

imprinting

Back 40

the process by which certain animals form attachments during an early part of their life.

Front 41

visual capture

Back 41

vision taking over and becoming the dominant sense

Front 42

Mary Ainsworth

Back 42

person who studied attachment

Front 43

stage theories

Back 43

the idea that human development occurs in discontinuous measurable stages

Front 44

conservation

Back 44

the principle that quantity remains that same despite changes in shape.

Front 45

egocentrism

Back 45

they cannot perceive things from another's point of view

Front 46

rooting reflex

Back 46

a baby's tendency when touched on the cheek, to open the mouth and search for the nipple.

Front 47

mimicry

Back 47

young children mimc adults

Front 48

biological influence

Back 48

men and women are anatomically different with different hormones