Mock Exams

Front 1

What is the classic triad of symptoms seen in acute Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome?

Back 1

Ataxia, eye movement abnormalities, and confusional state

Front 2

A right-handed patient sustains a PCA infarct that results in damage to the left posterior white matter and the splenium of the corpus callosum, with relative gray matter sparing. Which of the following symptom clusters is most likely to occur?

Back 2

Alexia without agraphia (a.k.a. posterior alexia or associative alexia)

Front 3

Which is most true of a person with Transient Global Amnesia?

Back 3

oriented and able to correctly provide personal information

Front 4

Which of the following is a differentiating factor in comparing “familial” Alzheimer’s (in which a genetic link has been established) from the more common “nonfamilial” Alzheimer’s?

Back 4

Age of onset

Front 5

A patient who is unable to recognize his family members, or his doctor of many years, is likely suffering from ________. If this problem is the result of a unilateral disorder, it is likely that the lesion is in the ______ hemisphere.

Back 5

Prosopagnosia, Right

Front 6

Anomic aphasia is typically caused by damage to the following area of the left hemisphere

Back 6

Angular Gyrus

Front 7

What % of all causes of dementia are reversible

Back 7

5

Front 8

An individual with which type of dementia is most likely to show retrieval rather than retention deficits

Back 8

Parkinson’s Disease

Front 9

Leukoaraiosis refers to

Back 9

Diffuse white matter changes seen in older patients

Front 10

The criterion validity of a test is limited by...

Back 10

The test’s standard deviation

Front 11

Functional neuroimaging (PET, fMRI) in patients with schizophrenia has shown...

Back 11

hypofrontality

Front 12

Few studies have been conducted on pesticide exposures, however, the deficits associated with them appear to be similar to the core pattern in solvent toxicity, including

Back 12

Mental slowing and anxiety/depression

Front 13

In pediatric patients, about ____ % of brain tumors are in the posterior fossa and ___% are supratentorial

Back 13

70, 30

Front 14

Which region of the brain seems to be involved both in habit learning and in OCD?

Back 14

Caudate

Front 15

Dysarthria, dysphagia and hypoactive jaw and gag reflexes without associated cognitive or emotional changes is known as

Back 15

Bulbar palsy

Front 16

Which brain region is most often affected by hydrocephalus?

Back 16

Posterior regions

Front 17

What pattern of IQ performance is typically observed in children with early-onset hydrocephalus? (VIQ vs PIQ)

Back 17

VIQ>PIQ

Front 18

Which of the following disorders has been most closely linked to degeneration of acetylcholine-synthesizing neurons in the basal forebrain?

Back 18

Alzheimer’s Disease

Front 19

Which treatments of tumors are generally not associated with mental status changes?

Back 19

All chemotherapies except methotrexate

Front 20

Lateral cerebellar lesions primarily affect

Back 20

Motor planning

Front 21

LH vs RH : WM vs GM

Back 21

The left hemisphere has more gray matter/less white matter relative to the right hemisphere

Front 22

A person who can not identify an object by touch may have

Back 22

Astereognosis

Front 23

Autopsy studies of dementia pugilistica typically reveal all of the following except:

a) Neuronal loss

b) Infarcts in the basal ganglia

c) Astrocyte proliferation

d) Prominent neurofibrillary tangles

Back 23

B

Front 24

Which symptoms below are characteristic of normal aging:

a) Decreased verbal fluency

b) Decreased selective and sustained attention

c) Decreased working memory skills

d) Decreased “crystallized” knowledge

e) Difficulties with language comprehension

f) A & C

g) B & C

Back 24

F

Front 25

The structure involved in the “master clock” for circadian rhythms is the

Back 25

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Front 26

A test designed as a general screening for brain impairment should have

Back 26

High sensitivity

Front 27

Infarction of the inferior portion of the pons or medulla can cause

Back 27

Locked in syndrome

Front 28

Pseudobulbar palsy

Back 28

Inability to control facial muscles, including the tongue:

dysarthria

dysphagia

dysphonia

Front 29

“Man in barrel” syndrome

Back 29

Bilateral arm weakness

Intact cranial nerves

Preservation of leg function

Ischemia in the border zone between ACA and MCA may be the most likely etiology

Front 30

“Pie in sky” visual defect

Back 30

Superior homonymous quadrantanopia

Contralateral temporal lobe

Front 31

A person with phonological alexia is most likely to make the following error

Back 31

Reads “though” for “thought”

Front 32

Which symptoms are commonly associated with Central Alexia (aka alexia with agraphia)?

Back 32

Finger agnosia

Right hemisensory loss (e.g., right homonymous field defect)

Right-left confusion

Acalculia

Front 33

Which area of the brain has been shown to be most involved in response initiation and inhibition?

Back 33

OFC

Front 34

In lesions of the dominant inferior parietal lobe, centering on the angular gyrus, you would expect that the patient would have deficits in:

Back 34

Naming individual letters in isolation

Hemisensory loss and/or right homonymous visual field deficit

Reading nonwords

Writing (not just copy) words

Front 35

The pattern of “dementia with psychomotor slowing” occurs in all except which of the following disorders?

a) HIV-related dementia

b) Progressive supranuclear palsy

c) Huntington’s disease

d) Alzheimer’s dementia

Back 35

D

Front 36

The pattern of new learning in the course of normal aging is characterized by

Back 36

Somewhat poorer initial learning but intact delayed recall of what they learned

Front 37

The type of memory deficit most apparent in patients with alcoholic Korsakoff amnesia is a deficit in

Back 37

Initial encoding of new material

Front 38

A right MCA stroke in the distribution of the inferior division would most likely cause

Back 38

Left hemineglect, decreased voluntary movements, and relatively normal left-sided strength

Front 39

What is the most likely cause for transient global amnesia?

Back 39

Basilar artery TIA

Front 40

Alexia without agraphia is most likely due to damage to what region(s)?

Back 40

Infarction of left posterior artery territory including the splenium of the corpus callosum

Damaged left visual + no connection from intact right visual to left language areas + intact connections between left language areas and motor areas

Front 41

Research has shown that right-sided brain damage can lead to subtle language deficits in

Back 41

Prosody

Articulation

Use of abstract constructs

Front 42

Research has shown that individuals with mild cognitive impairment will develop dementia at a rate of?

Back 42

10-15% per year, at a greater prevalence than the general population

Front 43

Which area of memory is found to be most intact in normal aging?

a) Working memory

b) Learning and Recall

c) Recognition

d) Remote memory

Back 43

D

Front 44

Which of the following is true about Lewy Body Dementia?

Back 44

It presents with Parkinsonian motor symptoms but the cognitive functioning more similarly looks like Alzheimer’s dementia.

Front 45

In order to determine whether a change in a patient’s scores from Time 1 to Time 2 represents a clinically significant change, a neuropsychologist must take into account:

Back 45

Measurement error, practice effects, regression to the mean

Front 46

mTBI: GCS, PTA, LoC

Back 46

GCS - 13-15

PTA - 0-24 hours

LoC - 0-30 minutes

Front 47

Moderate TBI: GCS, PTA, LoC

Back 47

GCS - 9-12

PTA - 1-7 days

LoC - .5 - 24 hours

Front 48

Severe TBI: GCS, PTA, LoC

Back 48

GCS - 3-8

PTA - > 7 days

LoC - > 1 day

Front 49

Huntington’s Disease dementia

Back 49

Severity of dementia is correlated with caudate atrophy

Generally begins within one year of chorea

Consistent with a subcortical dementia

Front 50

Anterograde amnesia is associated with ________ damage

Back 50

Hippocampal

Front 51

Retrograde amnesia is associated with ______ or ________ lesions

Back 51

Mammillary body or thalamic nuclei

Front 52

Which of the following is not characteristic of Down’s Syndrome?

a) Most prevalent type is trisomy 21

b) Sleep apnea is common

c) Females tend to have stronger cognitive profiles than males

d) Language skills are acquired at a faster rate relative to other motor or cognitive skills in Down’s Syndrome

Back 52

D

Front 53

You are a neuropsychologist who has been asked to assess Mr. Jones’ decision-making capacity. What are your ethical obligations in this situation?

Back 53

You must provide Mr. Jones with an explanation of the assessment, consider his preferences and best interest, and obtain his assent.

Front 54

A correlation coefficient of .80 means that the proportion of variance in Y that can be accounted for by knowing X is:

Back 54

64%

Front 55

“Does the test sample the domain that it is intended to measure?” refers to which type of validity?

Back 55

Content Validity

Front 56

The hit rate of a test is best when ________

Back 56

The base rate is moderate

Front 57

The Geschwind-Galaburda Theory

Back 57

Based on observation of asymmetry of planum temporale with the LH being larger than the right in most right handed people.

Less asymmetry in males – which is proposed to be an effect of testosterone in delaying the development of the LH, although greater development of the right.

This theory provides rationale for the greater spatial skills in males, as well as the increased rate of autoimmune disorders in males.

Front 58

Abnormalities in what areas of the brain have been proposed to correlate with impairment in autism?

Back 58

Cerebellum, brain stem, and temporal lobes

Front 59

All of the following have been reported as being associated with reading disorders except:

a) Reduced volumes in dominant hemisphere perisylvian areas

b) Symmetrical planum temporale

c) Cortical malformations in the frontal and temporal areas

d) Reduced insular and frontal lobe volumes

Back 59

A

Front 60

In comparing Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) patients to Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) patients, typically:

Back 60

depression and hallucinations are more common in DLB patients while delusions are more common in AD patients

Front 61

Anton's syndrome

Back 61

Also known as visual anosognosia, is a rare symptom of brain damage occurring in the occipital lobe. Those who suffer from it are "cortically blind", but affirm, often quite adamantly and in the face of clear evidence of their blindness, that they are capable of seeing.

Front 62

Positive and Negative Predictive Power

Back 62

Proportions of positive and negative results in diagnostic tests that are true positive and true negative results.

Front 63

A 50 y.o. normotensive man has an episode of sudden loss of vision in the right eye. This persists for 15 minutes ad then rapidly resolves. He has normal neurological and opthalmological examination. The mechanism of this episode is most likely:

Back 63

Artery-to-artery embolism involving carotid and ophthalmic arteries

This TIA is known as “amaurosis fugax” due to carotid atherosclerotic disease. This causes transient blindness. Optic nerve demyelination may cause sudden visual loss but would not resolve so quickly. Compression of the optic nerve would cause gradual visual loss and reduced papillary light response.

Front 64

Symptoms of carotid artery TIA?

Back 64

Paresthesias

Hemisensory loss

Hemianopsia

Transient aphasia

Front 65

Trazodone is a __________ and may affect neuropsychological test results because it can make your patient ___________ .

Back 65

Antidepressant, drowsy

Front 66

Balint's Syndrome

Back 66

Incompletely understood triad of severe neuropsychological impairments:

1. Simultanagnosia - inability to perceive the visual field as a whole

2. Oculomotor apraxia - difficulty in fixating the eyes

3. Optic ataxia - inability to move the hand to a specific object by using vision

Front 67

In Alzheimer’s disease, which receptor is most severely depleted?

Back 67

Muscarinic Ach

Front 68

Which of the dopamine tracks is associated with the positive symptoms of Schizophrenia?

Back 68

Mesolimbic

Front 69

Treatments that use ABA designs to determine their efficacy are most vulnerable to the effects of __________ .

Back 69

Learning

Front 70

Hoover's sign

Back 70

Leg paresis

Involuntary extension of the "normal" leg occurs when flexing the contralateral leg against resistance

Front 71

Dysdiadochokinesia

Back 71

impaired ability to perform rapid, alternating movements

Front 72

Symptoms of vertigo, vomiting, transient global amnesia, and nystagmus are indicative of:

Back 72

Basilar Artery TIA’s

Front 73

Abnormalities with saccades are a hallmark feature of which disease?

Back 73

Huntington's Disease

Front 74

Wernicke’s encephalopathy is caused by thiamine deficiency usually associated with an alcoholic population. What is the classic triad of symptoms?

Back 74

ataxia, confusional state, eye movement abnormalities

Front 75

Which tremor is associated with parkinsonism?

Back 75

Resting

Front 76

t-test for

a) independent samples

b) correlated samples

c) single sample

Back 76

a) compares the means of two independent groups

b) This test is used to analyze the relationship between two variables under the following conditions:1. The dependent variable is quantitative and measured on an interval level 2. The independent variable is within subjects in nature 3. The independent variable has only two levels

c) mean difference between the sample and the known value of the population mean

Front 77

One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)

Back 77

Used to determine whether there are any significant differences between the means of three or more independent (unrelated) groups

Front 78

Sex-dependent penetrance (complete in males; incomplete in females); lack of asymmetry in the planum temporale; smaller neurons in the left medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) compared to the right MGN; and possible involvement of chromosome 6 and 15 are findings associated with what developmental disorder:

Back 78

Dyslexia

Front 79

Myasthenia Gravis

Back 79

Neuromuscular disease that leads to fluctuating muscle weakness and fatigue.

In the most common cases, muscle weakness is caused by circulating antibodies that block Ach receptors at the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction, inhibiting the excitatory effects of the Ach on nicotinic receptors at neuromuscular junctions.

Front 80

Meniere's Disease

Back 80

Disorder of the inner ear that can affect hearing and balance. It is characterized by episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss.

Front 81

Nuchal rigidity is most likely a sign of which of the following

a) Subarachnoid hemorrhage

b) Transtentorial herniation

c) Communicating hydrocephalus

d) Epidural hematoma

Back 81

A