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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Humanae Vitae
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Pope declared that birth control is a sin |
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Viability |
When a fetus is viable to live outside the mother and qualifies for personhood (24 weeks) |
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Fetus |
9 weeks to birth |
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Griswold v Connecticut
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Someone opened a birth control clinic to challenge a never enforced "No oral contraceptives" law and the supreme court ruled the constitution covers married privacy. |
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Doctrine of double effect |
1) morally praiseworthy intended effects 2) foreseeable but an unintended effect Ex: baby dev in fallopian tube, can kill mother, church recognizes abortion as an option |
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Church Amendment |
- Frank Church (namesake) - protects professionals ability to refuse services based on objection of conscience (abortions) EX: baker refuses to bake a cake (claimed personal art) for same-sex marriage on religion |
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Incompatibility thesis |
conscience clause - if you know this is against your morals don't do it! |
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RU 486 |
Progesterone blocker, end pregnancy < 10 weeks |
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Consequentialism
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- Benton/Mill - consequence of actions - greatest good for greatest # - maximizing pain or pleasure |
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Utilitarianism |
Greatest amount of good for the greatest number |
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Natural Law theory |
- Aquinas - appeals to religious text - mortality, laws, and god wishes area all related |
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Divine Command Theory
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it is unmoral because God says so - what God says is morally right |
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Moral Relativism, Non-cognitivism, Cultural relativist
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- no universal truths - morals are good for some societies or cultures EX: fried genuine pig good in China, Nazi genocide was ok for them |
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Moral Realism, Cognitivist
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- Universal truths exist - Moral facts Ex: genocide is always wrong |
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Teleological
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- logical end, purpose, goal |
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Aristotle |
- Eudaimonia = happiness or flourishing - focuses mainly on character traits - Golden mean |
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Eudaimonia
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happiness or flourishing |
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PlanB/levonorgestrel
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emergency contraceptive stops a pregnancy before it starts with preventing ovulation |
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Mary Ann Warren
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1. It is wrong to kill an innocent human being
2. A fetus is an innocent human being 3. Therefore, it is wrong to kill a fetus - criteria for personhood circular arg, one is moral truth, other begging question, human = genetic, being = 24 weeks |
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Embryo
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conception to 8 weeks |
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Conscience
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inner voice or morals guide to right or wrong |
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ensoulment |
went an embryo or fetus gets a soul, from religion, religion says at conception |
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Golden Mean
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virtue in the middle, but vice on either side - exception is truth |
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Morals |
everyone's set of guiding principles to tell them what is right or wrong |
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Sentient |
1) self-aware 2) pain/pleasure |
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people seeds |
- Judith Jarvis - you know of these people seeds in the air, you open your window for 30 min, one starts growing in rug, they grow into full persons, you have to change your life, your body, everything to take care of this seed - morally obligated? what if you have filter so you can open it whenever, still obligated? |
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world famous violinist |
- Judith Jarvis - you sleep and then wake in a hosp connected to tubes, a person tells you the bad news is you have to stay in the hospital bed for 9 months, the good news is that a world-famous violinist is next to you connected living off of your body fluids to live - morally obligated? |
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Moral Realism |
Universal truths exist and can be known |
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Sherri Finkbine |
- took Thalidomide (anti-nausea) while pregnant - drug causes deformities - wanted an abortion, had to go to Sweeden |
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slippery slope |
small change lead to terrible results EX: allowing a student to redo this test will lead to them wanting to redo all assignments for the rest of the year |
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Ad Hominem |
attacking a person rather than there position |
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Tu Quoque |
two wrongs don't make a right EX: cheating |
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Post Hoc |
Using two unrelated things to win an argument, just because they happened around the same time EX: 1950 women starting working out of the home, 1953 divorce rates went up |
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Appeal to authority |
using an unrelated title of authority to win an argument |
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Ad Populum |
saying a position must be true because everyone believes it |
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Equivocation |
not allowing keyword to have multiple meanings EX: tree bark, dogs bark |
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Kant |
what is good or bad reason - importance of moral duty - Deontology |
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Aquinas |
God provides the ultimate purpose/plan, everything is a plan of gods making - Natural Law - Divine command theory |
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Benthan/Mill |
Greatest good for the greatest # - Utilitarianism |
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Subjectivism |
right and wrong is unique to an individual |
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Culture relativism |
what is right and wrong is unique to a particular culture |
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Deontology |
preform act based on moral duty |
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Ethics of care |
Brings "feminine" values to healthcare; caring, nurturing, trust, intimate friendship, love |
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Ethics |
studying rules of right and wrong |
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Virtue theory |
Characteristics to reform a role |
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Judith Jarvis Thompson |
- pro-choice - people seeds - famous violinist |
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circular argument |
stating two arguments worded differently that mean the same thing, begging the question |
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cognitive criteria for personhood
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- Mary Anne Warren |
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Neal Noeson |
refused to fill a contraceptive prescription or release it |
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Roe v Wade |
right to get an abortion and women's autonomy of the pregnancy |
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Planned Parenthood v. Casey/Danforth |
planned parenthood physicians took case to judge embryos father and mothers parents could no longer veto an abortion |
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Danforth decision |
embryos father and mothers parents could no longer veto an abortion
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Thomas More |
refused to sign acts of secession regardless of his position, family, or life. Did not speak of why until guilty charge. religious reasons. |
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Justice |
- treating everyone the same, social and politically EX: giving the same level of care for poor & rich KEY: EQUAL |
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Beneficent |
- helping other's & ground compassion, good intentions EX: volunteering KEY: good intentions |
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Non-Maleficence |
- "do no harm", obtain consent EX: only healing KEY: patient leaves in = or ^ than when arrived |
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Relativism Strengths |
- accounts for different cultures - no judgment |
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Realitism weaknesses |
- does not account for universal moral progress - " " for cultural similarities - self-refuting |
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Alice Roe (Evonne) |
- Kenneth Edelin patient - 17 yr old, poor, student, African-American - got an abortion at 22 - 24 weeks |
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Kenneth Edelin |
Background: black, military doc, 3rd yr resident in a poor hosp - did Alice Roe's abortion - placenta was in front instead back so C section done next day - observing doc said he wait 3 mins to take the baby out to let it suffocate in the womb = manslaughter (not if it wasn't a person tho) |
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Marquis |
- assigned moral conscienceness to conception - potential human = potential experiences - killing wrong => taking away what they have and experience of life |
