Mis Chapter 3

Front 1

A group of programs that manipulate the database and provide an interface between the database and the user of the database and other application programs.

Back 1

Database management system

Front 2

DBMS

Back 2

Database management system

Front 3

basic building block of information consisting of uppercase letters, lowercase letters, numeric digits, or special symbols

Back 3

character

Front 4

typically a name, number, or combination of characters that describes an aspect of a business object or activity

Back 4

field

Front 5

A collection of related data fields

Back 5

record

Front 6

A collection of related records

Back 6

file

Front 7

bits, characters, fields, records, files and databases

Back 7

hierarchy of data

Front 8

generalized class of people, places, or things for which data is collected, stored, and maintained

Back 8

entity

Front 9

a characteristic of an entity

Back 9

attribute

Front 10

the specific value of an attribute

Back 10

data item

Front 11

a field or set of fields in a record that is used to identify the record

Back 11

key

Front 12

a field or set of fields that uniquely identifies the record

Back 12

primary key

Front 13

an approach whereby separate data files are created and stored for each application program

Back 13

traditional approach to data management

Front 14

duplication of data in separate files

Back 14

data redundancy

Front 15

the degree to which the data in any one file is accurate

Back 15

data integrity

Front 16

an approach whereby a pool of related data is shared by multiple application programs

Back 16

database approach to data management

Front 17

data modeling done at the level of the entire enterprise

Back 17

enterprise data modeling

Front 18

a data model that uses basic graphical symbols to show the organization of and relationships between data

Back 18

entity-relationship diagrams

Front 19

entity-relationship diagrams

Back 19

ER

Front 20

a data model in which data is organized in a top-down, or inverted tree, structure

Back 20

hierarchical database model

Front 21

An expansion of the hierarchical database model with an owner-member relationship in which a member may have many owners

Back 21

network model

Front 22

a database model that describes data in which all data elements are placed in two-dimensional tables, called relations, that are the logical equivalent of files

Back 22

relational database model

Front 23

the allowable values for data attributes

Back 23

domain

Front 24

data manipulation that chooses rows according to certain criteria

Back 24

selecting

Front 25

data manipulation that chooses columns in a table

Back 25

projecting

Front 26

data manipulation that combines two or more tables

Back 26

joining

Front 27

data manipulation that combines two or more tables using common data attributes to form a new table with only the unique data attributes

Back 27

linked

Front 28

a description of the entire database

Back 28

schema

Front 29

a file that contains a description of a subset of the database and identifies which users can view and modify the data items in the subset

Back 29

subschema

Front 30

a collection of instructions and commands used to define and describe data and data relationships in a specific database

Back 30

data definition language

Front 31

DDL

Back 31

Data definition language

Front 32

a detailed description of all the data used in the database

Back 32

data dictionary

Front 33

A method of dealing with a situation in which two or more people need to access the same record in a database at the same time

Back 33

concurrency control

Front 34

the commands that are used to manipulate the data in a database

Back 34

data manipulation language

Front 35

DML

Back 35

Data manipulation language

Front 36

a highly skilled and trained systems professional who directs or performs all activities related to maintaining a successful database environment

Back 36

Database administrator

Front 37

DBA

Back 37

Database administrator

Front 38

a nontechnical but important person who ensures that data is managed as an important organizational resource

Back 38

data administrator

Front 39

A database that collects business information from many sources in the enterprise, covering all aspects of the company's processes, products and customers

Back 39

data warehouse

Front 40

a subset of a data warehouse

Back 40

data mart

Front 41

an information analysis tool that involves the automated discover of patterns and relationships in a data warehouse

Back 41

data mining

Front 42

a form of data mining that combines historical data with assumptions about future conditions to predict outcomes of events such as future product sales or the probability that a customer will default on a loan

Back 42

predictive analysis

Front 43

the process of getting enough of the right information in a timely manner and usable form and analyzing it so that it can have a positive impact on business strategy, tactics, or operations

Back 43

business intelligence

Front 44

a continuous process involving the legal and ethical collection of information, analysis, and controlled dissemination of information to decision makers

Back 44

competitive intelligence

Front 45

the steps an organization takes to protect information sought by hostile intelligence gatherers

Back 45

counterintelligence

Front 46

the process of capturing a company's collective expertise wherever it resides-in computers, on paper, in people's heads-and distributing it wherever it can help produce the biggest payoff

Back 46

knowledge management

Front 47

software that allows users to explore data from a number of different perspectives

Back 47

on-line analytical processing

Front 48

OLAP

Back 48

on-line analytical processing

Front 49

Standards that ensure that software written to comply with them can be used with any ODBC-compliant database

Back 49

open database connectivity standards

Front 50

a DBMS capable of manipulating audio, video, and graphical data

Back 50

ORDBMS object-relational database management system

Front 51

_____is one of the most valuable resources a firm possesses

Back 51

Data

Front 52

Data is organized into a hierarchy that builds from the smallest element to the largest: list all six

Back 52

bit, byte, field, record, file, and database

Front 53

An _____ is a generalized class of objects for which data is collected, stored, and maintained

Back 53

entity

Front 54

An ______is a characteristic of an entity

Back 54

attribute

Front 55

Specific values of attributes-called ________-can be found in the fields of the record describing an entity

Back 55

data items

Front 56

A _____ key is a field within a record that is used to identify the record

Back 56

data

Front 57

A _________key uniquely identifies a record

Back 57

primary

Front 58

a ______ key is a field in a record

Back 58

secondary

Front 59

The traditional approach to data management has been from a

Back 59

file perspective

Front 60

In traditional file-based data management, ___ ____are created for each application.

Back 60

Separate files

Front 61

This file-based data mgmt approach can create problems over time: as more files are created for new applications, data that is common to the individual files becomes

Back 61

redundant

Front 62

if data is changed in one file in file-based mgmt those changes might not be made to other files, reducing

Back 62

data integrity.

Front 63

The database approach was developed. Benefits of this approach include reduced data redundancy, improved data consistency and integrity, easier _____ _______, standardization of data access, and more _____ program development.

Back 63

modification and updating; efficient

Front 64

Potential disadvantages of the database approach include the relatively high cost of _______ __________a DBMS in a mainframe operating environment; specialized staff required to implement and coordinate the use of the database; and increased __________ if security is breached and there is a failure in the DBMS.

Back 64

purchasing and operating; vulnerability

Front 65

When building a database, careful consideration must be given to 3 things:

Back 65

content and access, logical structure, and physical organization

Front 66

One of the tools database designers use to show the relationships among data is a ___ ____that shows data entities and their _____

Back 66

data model; relationships

Front 67

Enterprise data modeling involves analyzing the ___ ______ of the entire organization

Back 67

data and information needs

Front 68

___or ________ __________ diagrams can be employed to show the 'relationships between entities in the organization.

Back 68

Entity-relationship (ER)

Front 69

Databases typically use one of three common models:

Back 69

hierarchical (tree), network, and relational

Front 70

The _______ _____, the most widely used database model, is easier to control, more flexible, and more intuitive than the other models because it organizes data in tables.

Back 70

relational model

Front 71

A _____is a group of programs used as an interface between a database and application programs

Back 71

DBMS data base management system

Front 72

When an application program requests data from the database, it follows a _____ _____ path.

Back 72

logical access

Front 73

The actual retrieval of the data follows a ____ _____path.

Back 73

physical access

Front 74

Records can be considered in the same way: a ______record is what the record contains; a ______ record is where the record is stored on storage devices.

Back 74

logical; physical

Front 75

______ are used to describe the entire database, its record types, and their relationships to the DBMS

Back 75

Schemas

Front 76

A database management system provides four basic functions:

Back 76

providing user views, creating and modifying the database, storing and retrieving data, and manipulating data and generating reports.

Front 77

_________ are used to define a user view, the portion of the database a user can access and/or manipulate.

Back 77

Subschemas

Front 78

Schemas and subschemas are entered into the computer via a ___ ____ ____, which describes the data and relationships in a specific database

Back 78

data definition language

Front 79

Another tool used in database management is the _____ _____, which contains detailed descriptions of all data in the database

Back 79

data dictionary

Front 80

Once a DBMS has been installed, the database may be ___ ___ ____via a data manipulation language.

Back 80

accessed, modified, and queried

Front 81

___is used in several popular database packages today and can be installed on PCs and mainframes

Back 81

SQL

Front 82

Popular end-user DBMSs include Microsoft Access, Lotus Approach, Corel Paradox, and FileMaker's FileMaker Pro. ___ ___ ___ ___ are the leading DBMS vendorS.

Back 82

IBM, Oracle, Microsoft, and Sybase

Front 83

A _____ ______ is a highly skilled and trained systems professional who directs or performs all activities related to maintaining a successful database environment.

Back 83

database administrator (DBA)

Front 84

The role of the data administrator is a _____ but important one that ensures that data is managed as an important ______ _______

Back 84

nontechnical;organizational resource.

Front 85

Organizations are building data warehouses, which are ____ ____ ____ ____specifically designed to support management decision making

Back 85

relational database management systems

Front 86

____ _____ which is the automated discovery of patterns and relationships in a data warehouse, is emerging as a practical approach to generate a hypothesis about the _____ _______ ________in the data that can be used to predict future behavior.

Back 86

Data mining; patterns and anomalies

Front 87

_____ _______ is the process of getting enough of the right information in a timely manner and usable form and analyzing it so that it can have a positive impact on business strategy, tactics, or operations

Back 87

Business intelligence

Front 88

_____ ______is one aspect of business intelligence limited to information about competitors and how that information affects strategy, tactics, and operations

Back 88

Competitive intelligence

Front 89

____________describes the steps an organization takes to protect information sought by "hostile" intelligence gatherers.

Back 89

Counterintelligence

Front 90

_____ ______ is the process of capturing a company's collective expertise wherever it resides-in computers, on paper, or in people's heads-and distributing it wherever it can help produce the biggest payoff

Back 90

Knowledge management

Front 91

A _____ _____is a database in which the data may be spread across several smaller databases connected via telecommunications devices

Back 91

distributed database

Front 92

Multidimensional databases and ____ ______ programs are being used to store data and allow users to explore the data from a number of different perspectives.

Back 92

on-line analytical processing (OLAP)

Front 93

An _____ _____ _____ ____ ___ provides a complete set of relational database capabilities, plus the ability for third parties to add new data types and operations to the database

Back 93

object-relational database management system (ORDBMS)

Front 94

These new data types can be audio, images, unstructured text, spatial data, or time series data that require new ___ ___ ___

Back 94

indexing, optimization, and retrieval features

Front 95

_____ _____ _____involves the use of an object-relational database to store and access data according to the locations it describes and to permit spatial queries and analysis.

Back 95

Spatial data technology