Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Anxiety |
Unpleasant mental stage where you worry about the possibility of future dangers or upsetting events; unpleasant but not harmful or pathological. |
|
|
|
Fear |
Is the emotional response to real or perceived imminent threat |
|
|
|
Anxiety |
Anticipation of future threat |
|
|
|
Nervousness Elevated Heart rate Restlessness Ventilating fast Overthinking/Rumination Uncontrollable feelings of worry Sweating & Shortness of breath Avoidance of things that trigger anxiety Nausea Xerostomia/Dry mouth Irritability/Inability to concentrate Overwhelming fear Uneasiness, panick, fear Sleep difficulties |
Symptoms of anxiety |
|
|
|
Mild (1) Moderate (2) Severe (3) Panic (4) |
4 Levels of Anxiety |
|
|
|
Mild (1) |
Perceptual field: Greater |
|
|
|
Moderate (2) |
Perceptual field: Narrowed |
|
|
|
Severe (3) |
Perceptual field: Greatly reduced |
|
|
|
Panic (4) |
Perceptual field: Disrupted |
|
|
|
Mild (1) |
Focus: Enhanced |
|
|
|
Moderate (2) |
Focus: Selective inattention |
|
|
|
Severe (3) |
Focus: Slightly Unable to |
|
|
|
Panic (4) |
Focus: Completely Unable |
|
|
|
Mild (1) |
Focus: *Enhanced learning *Increased energy *Increased motivation |
|
|
|
Moderate (2) |
Focus: *Central concerns |
|
|
|
Severe (3) |
Focus: * Focus on small details * Inability to focus or solve problems |
|
|
|
Panic (4) |
Focus: *Complete inability to focus *Inability to control self *Loss of rational thought |
|
|
|
A. Separation Anxiety Disorder B. Selective Mutism C. Specific Phobia D. Social Anxiety Disorder E. Panic Disorder F. Agoraphobia G. Generalized Anxiety Disorder H. Substance/Medicine-induced Anxiety Disorder I. Disorder-specific |
Types of Anxiety Disorders |
|
|
|
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy |
CBT |
|
|
|
a. Anti-anxiety b. Antidepressants c. Beta-blockers d. Benzodiazepines |
Medications in Anxiety Disorders |
|
|
|
Separation Anxiety Disorder |
Characterized by being fearful or anxious separation from the attachment figures to a degree that is developmentally inappropriate |
|
|
|
SAD |
High anxiety levels after separation from a person or place that provides feelings of security or safety |
|
|
|
Frequent nightmares Emotional/violent tantrums Anticipation of untoward events Refusal to go to sleep/work Fear of: Separation Alone/away Death/loss |
Symptoms and Diagnosis of SAD |
|
|
|
4 weeks in children and adolescents and 6 months or more in adults |
Timeline in Separation Anxiety Disorder |
|
|
|
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy |
DBT |
|
|
|
Selective Mutism |
Characterized by lack of speech in social interactions with children and adults despite having excellent or normal verbal communication skills |
|
|
|
Selective Mutism |
Starts in childhood, but if left untreated, can persist into adulthood |
|
|
|
a. Consistent failure to speak in social situations b. Disturbance interferes with educational or occupational achievement c. Continuous disturbance of: atleast 1 month d. Failure to speak is not attributable to lack of knowledge e. Failure to speak is not better explained by communication disorders or does not occur with other mental disorder |
Symptoms and Diagnosis of Selective Mutism |
|
|
|
Not refusing but unable to speak in social situation Onset: before age 5 Silent at school, speaks normal at home Persistent disturbance of: atleast 1 month Excessive shyness Educational or occupational impairment Clingy Having anxiety speaking in social situations |
Symptoms of Selective Mutism (NO SPEECH) |
|
|
|
Desensitization |
Gradual exposure |
|
|
|
Specific Phobia/Phobia |
A persistent and irrational fear of specific object, activity, or situations that results in a compelling desire to avoid the dreaded object or situation |
|
|
|
Ego-dystonic |
Person is aware and dislikes it |
|
|
|
Phobic stimulus |
Intense fear of a specific object or situation ("phobic stimulus") |
|
|
|
1. Animals 2. Natural Environment 3. Blood-injection-injury 4. Situational 5. Other |
Specifiers of Specific Phobias |
|
|
|
A. Intense fear of a specific or object or situation B. Always provoking C. Always actively avoided or endured with intense fear D. Fear is out of proportion to the actual danger E. Timeline: 6 months or more F. Fear interferes with daily life |
Symptoms/Criteria for Specific Phobias |
|
|
|
Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) |
Specific fear or worry of embarrassment in social situations |
|
|
|
Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) |
Characterized by a marked, or intense, fear or anxiety of social situations in which the individual may be scrutinized by others |
|
|
|
Fear of being judged Embarrassment/Humiliation Avoidance Rejection/being rejected Social interactions Overestimation of consequences Clingy/clinging behavior Interferes with daily life Advaced worry/Anticipation Lasting 6 months or more |
Symptoms of Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) |
|
|
|
Panic Disorder |
Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks |
|
|
|
Panick attack |
An abrupt surge of intense fear or intese discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes |
|
|
|
Agoraphobia |
Fear of being alone in public where escape is difficult |
|
|
|
Generalized Anxiety Disorder |
*Excessive anxiety amd worry about a number of events/activities. *Not associated with specific person or event *No apparent reason |
|
|
|
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) |
Mental condition triggered by a traumatic or terrifying event, either witnessing it or experiencing it |
|
|
|
Trauma symptoms Recurrent distressing dreams or nightmares Avoidance Uncontrollable thoughts about the event Mood changes Always being on-guard/alert for danger Trouble concentrating & sleeping Intrusive symptoms: flashbacks, nightmares Cognitive changes: negative thoughts about self, memory problem, hopelessness |
Symptoms of PTSD |
|
|
|
Flashbacks and nightmares |
Intrusive symptoms |
|
|
|
negative thoughts about self, memory problem, hopelessness |
Cognitive changes |
|
|
|
4 weeks in children and adolescents 6 months or more in adults |
Separation Anxiety Disorder Timeline |
|
|
|
Atleast 1 month |
Selective Mutism Timeline |
|
|
|
6 months or more |
Specific Phobias Timeline |
|
|
|
6 months or more |
Social Anxiety Disorder Timeline |
|
|
|
1+ month |
Panic Disorder Timeline |
|
|
|
6 months |
Agoraphobia Timeline |
|
|
|
1+ month |
PTSD Timeline |
|
|
|
<1 month |
Acute Stress Disorder Timeline |
|
|
|
>3 months but <6 months after the event |
Chronic Stress Disorder Timeline |
|
|
|
Atleast 6 months after the event or longer |
Delayed Stress Disorder Timeline |
|
|
|
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) |
Essential features are recurrent obsessions or compulsions that are severe enough to be time consuming, cause marked distress or lead to significant impairment in functioning. |
|
|
|
Obsessions |
Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced as intrusive and unwanted |
|
|
|
Compulsions |
Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly. |
|
|
|
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) |
Characterized by preoccupation with perceived flaws and defects in appearance often unnoticeable to others. |
|
|
|
Body Dysmorphic Disorder |
Common in adolescent and young adults |
|
|
|
Pre occupation Edo dystonic Repetitive behaviors Fixated about flaws Excessive concern in appearance Cosmetic surgery Thoughts "I look ugly". "I look deformed" Obsession Not easily treated |
Body Dysmorphic Disorder Symptoms |
|
|
|
Depression Eating disorders Fear of social gatherings Extensive medical bills Comorbid MDD, OCD, or subs-Abuse Disorders Too much substance use or misuse Suicidal thoughts or behaviors |
BDD if left untreated, it can lead to "DEFECTS" |
|
|
|
Hoarding Disorder |
Characterized by persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value |
|
|
|
Congested homes or rooms Leaflets, newspaper brochure Unable to discard possessions Too much acquisition of items or; Things they don't need Excessive buy Regrets throwing away stuffs |
Hoarding Disorder Symptoms |
|
|
|
Trichotillomania (Hair-pulling disorder) |
Recurrent pulling out of one's hair, resulting in hair loss |
|
|
|
Hair-pulling behavior Attempts to decrease or stop hair-pulling Impairs daily life and functioning Rituals involving hair (rolling in between fingers, biting into pieces, swallowing hair |
Trichotillomania |
|
|
|
Excoriation (Skin-picking Disorder) |
Recurrent skin-picking resulting in skin lesions |
|
|
|
Mood Affective Disorders |
A collection of psychiatric conditions that involves a pervasive distortion of one's emotional state or affect. |
|
|
|
Mania |
Symptoms: Often has almost completely loss of functions and requires hospitalization |
|
|
|
DIGFAST |
Mania Symptoms |
|
|
|
Atleast 1 week |
Mania Timeline |
|
|
|
Hypomania |
Symptoms: milder version of mania, lesser impact on function |
|
|
|
Atleast 4 consecutive days |
Hypomania Timeline |
|
|
|
Bipolar Disorders |
Characterized by presence of extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression) |
|
|
|
Bipolar I |
*Alternating mania and depression followed by return to normal functioning *Only appearance of one manic episode is enough to be diagnosed |
|
|
|
Bipolar II |
Atleast one major depressive episode + one hypomanic episode |
|
|
|
Cyclothymia |
A related disorder that fluctuates between mild depression to hypomania |
|
|
|
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) |
Symptoms: abnormal extension over elaboration of sadness and grief |
|
|
|
Atleast 2 weeks |
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Timeline |
|
|
|
Depressed mood Anhedonia Appetite disturbance with weight change Sleep disturbances (insomia or hypersomnia) Psychomotor disturbances (agitation or retardation) Fatigue or loss of energy Guilt feelings and worthlessness Diminished ability to concentrate or indecisiveness Suicidal ideations |
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Symptoms |
|
|
|
Persistent Depressive Disorder |
-Characterized by persistent depressed mood for atleast 2 years -Adolescents/children: depressed and irritable mood for atleast 1 year |
|
|
|
Early onset: before age of 21 Late onset: above age of 21 |
Persistent Depressive Disorder Timeline |
|
|
|
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) |
Characterized by severe temper outburst (verbal and behavioral) that are put of proportion to the situation |
|
|
|
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) |
Outbursts occur 3 or more times a week |
|
|
|
Onset: before 10 years of age -only diagnosed for children between 6 to 18 years old |
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) Timeline |
|
|
|
Temper outburst Annoyed or angry Negative effects of relationship Tempered tantrums Rage Unable to regulate mood Moody and ill-tempered Screaming 3x or more in a week on average |
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) symptoms |
|
|
|
Stimulants |
Reduces Irritability and controls impulses |
Methylphenidate |
|
|
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) |
-Induction of grand mal seizures through the application of electrical current to the brain to effect behavioral changes -under general anesthesia |
|
|
|
Personality Disorder |
Is an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individuals culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment |
|
|
|
Personality traits |
Enduring patterns of perceiving or relating to, thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts. |
|
|
|
Paranoid personality disorder |
A pattern of distrust and suspiciousness such that others' motives are interpreted as malovelent |
|
|
|
Schizoid personality disorder |
A pattern of detachment from social relationships and restricted range of emotional expression |
|
|
|
Schizotypal personality disorder |
A pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, amd eccentricities of behavior |
|
|
|
Antisocial personality disorder |
A pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others, criminality, impulsivity, and a failure to learn from experience |
|
|
|
Borderline personality disorder |
A pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity |
|
|
|
Histrionic personality disorder |
A pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking |
|
|
|
Narcissistic personality disorder |
A pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy |
|
|
|
Avoidant personality disorder |
Pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation |
|
|
|
Dependent personality disorder |
A pattern of submissive and clinging behavior related to an excessive need to be taken care of. |
|
|
|
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder |
A pattern or preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control |
|
|
|
Personality change due to another medical condition |
A persistent personality disturbance that is judged to be the direct pathophysiological consequence of another medical condition (e.g. frontal lobe lesion) |
|
