Midterm 3

Front 1

changes in the DSM

Back 1

- four previous diagnoses have been combined into one disorder: autism spectrum disorder

Front 2

incidence

Back 2

- must appear early in development

Front 3

social deficits

Back 3

- failure to have social interactions

- cannot keep a normal conversation going

Front 4

deficits in non-verbal communication

Back 4

- doesn't make eye contact, abnormal body language

- lack of facial expression

- might not get comfort being held by parents

Front 5

more deficits

Back 5

- difficulty adjusting behaviour

- deficit in understanding relationships

Front 6

theory of mind: Sally Anne Task

Back 6

- being able to perceive the world (situation) for another persons perspective

Front 7

restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour

Back 7

1) repetitive movements

2) insistence on sameness

3) preoccupation with self

- hypo or hyperactivity to sensory output

Front 8

savants

Back 8

"islands of ability"

cant do basic things but have areas where they excel

Front 9

temple grandin

Back 9

-She designed a contraption to givea certain pressure of a hug –many people with autism do not like physical contact or huge.

-She had a strong need for contactbut the pressure was too much so that is why she designed this.

Front 10

potential causes

Back 10

1) detached parenting - refrigerator mom

2) heredity - higher in males than females

3) concordance rates

4) mutation of gene

Front 11

brain pathology

Back 11

- at birth ADS children have smaller brains than typical children

- by adolescence the brain is only a little bigger than typical

Front 12

structural differences in the brain

Back 12

1) exceptional talents

2) hyper connectivity within brain region

3) under connectivity between brain regions

Front 13

under connectivity

Back 13

do things that do not match what is going on or should have happened

Front 14

brain pathology

Back 14

study 1 - eye movements

study 2 - face recognition

study 3 - case of D.D

Front 15

STUDY 1

Back 15

presented the group with faces and used an eye tracker to see where people ended up looking

- the ppl with autism avoided the eyes and mouth

- ppl w/o autism focused on mouth and eyes

- showed the ppl faces with emotion and asked what they were feeling

Front 16

STUDY 2

Back 16

when looking at the faces, FG plays a role in recognizing faces

- the FFA does not become active in ASD patient

- the areas seem to be random

- there is a pattern with the control group

Front 17

STUDY 3

Back 17

D.D - digimon destined

- knew all the digimon characters but not the people around him, including family

- when put under the fMRI, not a lot of activity with people, but active with digimon characters

Front 18

BRAIN

Back 18

.

Front 19

encapsulated tumor

Back 19

- tumor is self contained

- tends to be in discrete locations

- benign

example: memningiomas

Front 20

infiltrating

Back 20

- more wide spread

- malignant

- glioma

Front 21

cause of stroke

Back 21

1) hemorrhage

2) ischemia

Front 22

hemorrhage

Back 22

- cause is from the bursting of an aneurysm

- walls of blood vessels lose elasticity and start ballooning

- can be congenital or environmental

Front 23

thrombosis

Back 23

blood clot in the blood vessel

Front 24

embolism

Back 24

clotted blood cells

Front 25

arteriosclerosis

Back 25

thickening of the walls of arteries

Front 26

cell death by ischemia

Back 26

a form of accidental, or passive cell death that is often considered a lethal cell injury. The process is characterized by mitochondrial swelling, cytoplasm vacuolization, and swelling of the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Front 27

closed head injuries

Back 27

concussion and ****

Front 28

side of head that is injured

Back 28

same side

different side

Front 29

contre coup

Back 29

side of damage is opposite to site of impact

Front 30

coup

Back 30

side of damage corresponds to site of impact

Front 31

contusion

Back 31

bruise

- arise when brain strikes skull

Front 32

concussion

Back 32

no apparent bruising

Front 33

hematomas

Back 33

bleeding - swelling containing blood

Front 34

concussion definition

Back 34

loss of consciousness and no apparent damage

- multiple concussions can lead to dementia

- eg- boxers

Front 35

taenia solium

Back 35

tape worm found in uncooked pork

Front 36

trasmission

Back 36

- ingestion of larva

- worm is released and lives in intestine

- can release eggs that travel in blood stream to eyes, muscle and brain

Front 37

eggs

Back 37

food handled by carrier with unwashed hands

Front 38

effects in brain

Back 38

form a calcified nodule - forms a layer of calcium and creates boundaries between worm and tissue

Front 39

what happens when worm dies

Back 39

major problem - worm enters the nodule and leads to inflammation which can cause seizures

Front 40

treatment

Back 40

drug to kill worm AND help with inflammation

Front 41

alzheimers

Back 41

most common form of dementia among elderly

Front 42

early symptoms

Back 42

1) memory: loss of memory for people youve known your whole life

2) disorientation: everything looks foreign to you

3) repetitive speech: repeat the same phrase over and over again

Front 43

middle stage

Back 43

1) wandering: confused on why they are where they are

2) changes in their personality: they may rage unexpectedly

3) problems with self care: things like basic grooming and washing

Front 44

final stage

Back 44

1) completely dependent on care giver

2) inability to control bladder or bowel movements

3) absence of speech

4) no appetite

Front 45

brain pathology

Back 45

- shrinkage of brain

- widening of the sulci

- enlarged ventricles

Front 46

neurofibrillary tangles

Back 46

-degeneration of microtubles allows for rapid transport of transmitters across the neuron

Front 47

tau protein

Back 47

- mutation in the tau protein which is what holds the micro tubles together and begin to tangle

Front 48

beta-amyloid plaques

Back 48

primarily in inferior temporal (FFA) , posterior parietal (tells us where our body is in relation to other objects)

Front 49

genes

Back 49

early onset - start showing symptoms at 40 instead of senior years

familial onset - form that runs in families

late onset - in the senior years

Front 50

environment

Back 50

socio-economic status

aluminum

Front 51

cholinergic agonists

Back 51

- used to treat the memory impairment

- drugs that increase how long the acetylcholine can act on post synaptic receptors

Front 52

epilepsy

Back 52

- siezures

- disturbances of conciousness - youre there but not 100%

Front 53

partial seizures:

Back 53

1) generalized

2) partial

Front 54

generalized

Back 54

whole brain

Front 55

partial

Back 55

parts of brain

Front 56

simple partial

Back 56

no loss/change of conciousness

Front 57

complex partial

Back 57

often have loss/change of conciousness

Front 58

simple partial seizures

Back 58

sensory - tingling

auditory - simple sounds

visual - hallucinations

physical - nausea

Front 59

complex partial seizures

Back 59

interferes with higher functions

auras

Front 60

catatonia

Back 60

body is frozen

Front 61

grand mal (tonic clonic)

Back 61

tonic phase - body goes rigid followed by tremors

then post seizure depression

Front 62

petit mal (abscence)

Back 62

often in childhood - blank look in eyes, many throughout the day

Front 63

treatments

Back 63

benzos - to help GABA receptors

surgery

anticonvulsents - help seizures