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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Three important species of Yersinia? |
1. Y. enterocolitica 2. Y. pseudotuberculosis 3. Y. pestis |
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Y. enterocolitica |
inflammation to the intestinal tract |
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Y. pseudotuberculosis |
resembles TB, but caused inflammation in the intestinal tract. Bacteria get trapped in the diverticuli region of the large intestine and resembles chronic inflammation (tubercles) of TB |
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Y. pestis |
causes bubonic and pneumonic plague. Transmitted from rodents (either direct contact or from fleas) not transmitted through fecal oral route. After the transmission it travels to lymph nodes and forms inflammation, buboes (inflamed lymph nodes) |
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bacteremia |
bacteria enter the blood |
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septicemia |
bacteria enter the blood and multiply |
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cholera |
Vibrio cholarae curved rod shaped bacteria that produces cholera toxin that leads to fluid loss. Cholera is waterborne but the infection can be acquired by contaminated food as well |
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Vibriosis |
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, common in Japan due to consumption of raw fish |
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Travelers diarrhea |
pathogenic strain of E. coli |
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Enterohemorrhagic colitis |
E. coli O157:H7 O-refers to a LPS endotoxin antigen number H (from German work Hausch)-refers to a flagella antigen |
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Peptic ulcers and chronic gastritis |
Helicobacter pylori. This bacteria is able to survive acidic conditions of the stomach and invade the stomach lining (gastric mucosa) Ulcers were known to be caused by stress until a scientist drank the bacteria to prove that ulcers were caused by H. pylori. Pyloric sphincter, region in the stomach is more susceptible to H. pylori hence the name pylori. H. pylori triggers cofactors that lead to ulcers and mechanisms that will prevent normal immune response which was linked to stomach cancers. |
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CDAD |
Clostridium difficle, transmission by touching surfaces or health care employees. Symptoms include diarrhea, necrosis of the skin, colitis, inflammation, abdominal camps, abscess of intestinal lining, weight loss, and loss of appetite. Tests include endoscopy and observed for Peyer's patches; they present in healthy individuals if infected Peyer's patches are wiped off. Stool specimens are also tested. C. diff produces toxins |
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Hepatitis |
inflammation of liver, usually caused by a virus but amoeba can be causative agent as well |
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Different types of Hepatitis: |
Hep A-is caused by a Hepatitis A virus (single stranded RNA virus) Hep B-caused by the Hepatitis B virus (ds DNA virus) transmission is via blood Hep C-diagnosed in the absence of HAV or HBV Hep D-the mos severe form of hepatitis, is caused in the presence of HBV and HDV Hep E-transmitted by fecal oral route |
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Viral enteritis |
Rotavirus transmitted by fecal oral route, more common in infants |
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Platyhelminths: |
Flukes-Fasciola hepatica Tapeworms- Taenia soleum. They are able to reproduce sexually and asexually and are able to regenerate |
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Nematodes: |
Trichonosis- Trichinella spiralis Hookworms- Necator americanus Ascariasis-Ascaris lumbricoides |
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Lancefield grouping |
method of grouping B-hemolytic bacteria based on their carbohydrate composition of bacterial antigens |
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Group A |
Strep pyogenese, beta hemolysis, bacitracin sensitive |
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Group B |
Strep agalactae, without milk, beta hemolytic bacitracin R |
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Group C |
gamma hemolysis (no hemoysis), bacitracin R |
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Group D |
Strep pneumo and Strep viridans, alpha hemolysis (partial, looks green, hence the viridans name) |
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Septic shock |
life-threatening; low blood pressure, collapse of blood vessels. Typically caused by Gram negatives due to endotoxin |
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Anthrax |
causative agent is Bacillus anthracis, virulence factors endotoxins and endospore production |
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3 Types of Anthrax |
A.Cutaneous-escar B.Respiratory-inhalation of endospores C.Intestinal-ingestion of bacteria or the endospore |
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plague |
systemic, causative agent is Y. pestis, found in pork |
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Francisella tularenis |
zoonosis found in more than 100 mammals-especially cottontail rabbits, muskrats, and rodents and arthropod vectors such as ticks and deer flies |
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Level A Bioterroism agents |
Anthrax Smallpox Plague Botulism Toxin Tularemia Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers |
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Anthrax |
Bacillus anthracis (bacteria) |
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Smallpox |
Variola major (virus) |
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Plague |
Yersinia pestis (bacteria) |
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Botulism toxin |
C. botulinum (bacteria) |
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Tularemia |
Francisella tularensis (bacteria) |
