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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mixed culture
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A lot of different species
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pure culture
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one species
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What is the purpose of the quadrant streak method
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Isolated colonies, obtain a pure culture
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What is an isolated colony
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Only one type of bacteria in the colony
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An isolated colony originally came from how many bacteria
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One cell
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What is a blood agar plate used for
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It can grow human pathogens made out of hemoglobin
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backward fish symbol hemolytic
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Partial breakdown of hemoglobin the bacteria look green or brown
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Beta hemolysis
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Complete breakdown of hemoglobin the bacteria look clear example is strep
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Upside down fish symbol hemolysis
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No breakdown of hemoglobin the bacteria look red
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What metabolic process are we observing using a phenol red broth
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Does the organism ferment sugar, fermentation
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What are two possible products produced by bacteria in the phenol red metabolic process, can you have one without the other
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Carbon dioxide and ethanol and yes
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What is the color of the phenol red with neutral pH
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Red
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What is the color of the broth under acidic pH, phenol red
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Yellow
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What is the color of the broth under alkaline pH, phenol red
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Pink
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What is a Durham tube and what does it collect
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It's a glass tube at the bottom of the test tube and it collects gas that is been produced
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What is the function of catalase in bacterial cells
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To detoxify hydrogen dioxide
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What is the appearance of a positive catalase test
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Bubbles
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What is the appearance of a negative catalase test
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No bubbles
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phenylalanine deaminase test
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tests for the ability to convert phenylalanine to ammonia for energy
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What reagent is added to the phenylalanine test
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ferric chloride
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What colors are a positive and negative reaction to the phenylalanine test
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green positive no color change negative
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What type of macromolecule is starch
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Carbohydrate
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Define hydrolysis
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Chemical breakdown of a compound do to reaction with water
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in starch hydrolysis test what reagent is added
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iodine
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Describe a positive reaction to the starch hydrolysis test
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A halo around the growth
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What pH indicator does urea slants contain
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Phenol red
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What pH change occurs during a positive reaction and what is the color of the media in a urea test
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Increase in pH, alkaline pH, color is pink
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Which pH changes occurs during a negative reaction and what are the possible colors of the media in urea test
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No pH changes and yellow
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Why would a bacterium want to hydrolyzed gelatin
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Food and building blocks
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Describe the appearance of both positive and negative result for the gelatin hydrolysis
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Positive equals liquid negative equals solid
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indole production SIM Media test tests for the breakdown of what
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tryptophan
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what reagent is added to the indole test
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Kovacs
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positive color of indole test
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red
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What does the hydrogen sulfide production test for
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Breakdown of amino acids containing sulfur
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What color with a medium turn in the hydrogen sulfide test
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Black
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What is bacterial transformation
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Transforming bacteria by changing their genes
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competent
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Cells that are more likely to pick up foreign DNA
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What is an advantage a bacterium can gain from acquiring DNA from their environment and which type of genes do they typically acquire
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Bacterial survival, antibiotic resistance, only take it up when stressed still take up new information, pick up any gene but only shows beneficial genes
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Green fluorescent protein gene
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Glows in the dark
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Arabinose promoter
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Enables bacteria to break down arabinose gene to break down energy and allows us to see the GFP because it is control with arabinose present or not present
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What does beta lactamase do
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Enables bacteria to grow that has taken on foreign DNA
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What is the GFP gene
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Instruction to produce protein no fluorescence
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What is GFP product
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The final product and fluorescence is shown
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Parasitic particles
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Genetic material in protein code
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Obligate intracellular parasites
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Has to have a host cell to multiply
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What are some terms a scientist can use to describe bacteria that cannot be used when describing viruses
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Living, colony-forming
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What is bacteriophage
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Viruses that infect bacteria
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Why is phage typing used to help identify an unknown bacterium
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Identification of bacteria by testing their vulnerability to bacterial viruses
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What type of nucleic acid does bacteria have
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Double DNA
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What type of nucleic acid does viruses have
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Double or single-stranded DNA or RNA
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What is the outer part of the virus called
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capsid
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Adsorption phase of virus life cycle
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Virus cell attaches to outer membrane of bacterial cell
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penetration in virus life cycle
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When cell injects DNA into the bacterial cell
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replication phase virus life cycle
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dna is transcribed into Mena and e coli only makes this dna.
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Assembly phase viral life cycle
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Where the capsid subunits come together to form the capsid and into which the genome is inserted
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The lysis or release phase of virus life cycle
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When the viruses are released from the cell the cell then dies
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