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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The common cold is commonly associated with which viruses (2):
A. Adenoviruse B. Coronavirus C. Parainfluenza virus D. Rhinovirus E. RSV |
B. Coronavirus
D. Rhinovirus |
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Croup is commonly associated with which virus (1):
A. Adenoviruse B. Coronavirus C. Parainfluenza virus D. Rhinovirus E. RSV |
C. Parainfluenza virus
Croup is Inflammation of the larynx and trachea. |
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Bronchiolitis is commonly associated with which virus (1):
A. Adenoviruse B. Coronavirus C. Parainfluenza virus D. Rhinovirus E. RSV |
E. RSV
Bronchiolitis is inflammation of the membranes lining the bronchioles. (Whereas bronchitis is inflammation along the entirety of the bronchial tubes.) |
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The influenza virus belongs to which family and what is its basic stem info?
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Orthomyxoviridae family. ssRNA- , helical, enveloped, sensitive, SEGMENTED (into 8 pieces).
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Three types of Influenza: A, B, C.
What type of strains does each have? |
Three types of Influenza: A, B, C.
A has human AND animal strains, B has human strains only, C doesn't have human strains |
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For influenza, what is the incubation period, symptoms, outcome and possible complications?
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*INCUBATION: 1-4 days
*SYMPTOMS: fever, chills, myalgia, HA, malaise, nonproductive cough, sore throat. Runny nose is UNUSUAL, making it distinct from common cold. *OUTCOME: asymptomatic to mild to very severe *COMPLICATIONS like secondary infections (sinusitis), viral adn bacterial npeumonia, myositis, cardiac myo/pericarditis and CNS complications are more common in young and elderly popualtions. |
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True or False:
Detection of influenza antigen from nasopharyngeal wash or nasal swabs with EIA are more rapid but less reliable/accurate than the gold standard of virus isolation in culture from NP wash, swab or respiratory secretion. |
TRUE.
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Which is a more rapid but less reliable accurate tool to diagnose influenza?
A. Virus isolation in culture from NP wash, swab or respiratory secretion B. detection of influenza antigen from NP wash or nasal swabs with EIA C. serology study |
B. detection of influenza antigen from NP wash or nasal swabs with EIA
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What are antiviral agents oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) 's MOA? What are they used to treat?
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Used to treat Influenza A and B. They are neuraminidase inhibitors that prevent release of newly synthesized virus from the infected cell.
Note: for Influenza A there are M2 ion channel inhibitors which prevent H ion passage into cell to allow uncoating of the virus. In severe cases, antibiotics also might be given to prevent secondary bacterial infections. |
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There are two vaccines for influenza: Trivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine (TIV) and Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). Distinguish between them.
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*Trivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine (TIV): prevents mild and severe outcomes. Composition is updated annual. Approved for IM injection in ages 6 months +
*Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV): cold-adapted viral vaccine given intranasally. Produces both serologic and mucosal immunity. Approved for ppl 2-49 y/o. |
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Which of the two influenza vaccines is approved for IM injection in ages 6 + months? 2- 49 y/o?
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Trivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine (TIV): prevents mild and severe outcomes. Composition is updated annual. Approved for IM injection in ages 6 months +
*Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV): cold-adapted viral vaccine given intranasally. Produces both serologic and mucosal immunity. Approved for ppl 2-49 y/o. |
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Influenza A has human AND animal strains. Among humans, which two strains are most prevalent worldwide.
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H1N1 and H3N2
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Why does antigenic drift occur frequently in influenza virus?
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RNA polymerase involved has NO PROOFREADING MECHANISM (this is true of RNA polymerases in general).
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RSV belongs to what family and what is it's stem?
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Paramyxoviridae family. ssRNA-, helical, enveloped, ether sensitive. non-segmented
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RSV is most common cause of
A. common cold B. bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants C. croup D. Measles |
B. bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants -> most leading cause of infant hospitalization in US.
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What virus and syndrome is the most leading cause of infant hospitalization in the US?
A. Rhinoviruse and coronavirus - common cold B. RSV and bronchiolitis C. Parainfluenza virus - Croup |
B. RSV and bronchiolitis
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True or False:
Palivisumab (Synagis) is a monoclonal prophylactic antibody drug licensed for prevention of RSV disease in infants with chronic lung disease, prematurity, etc. |
True,
Palivisumab (Synagis) is a monoclonal prophylactic antibody drug licensed for prevention of RSV disease in infants with chronic lung disease, prematurity, etc. |
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__________ is a monoclonal prophylactic antibody drug licensed for prevention of RSV disease in infants with chronic lung disease, prematurity, etc.
A. Palivisumab (Synagis) B. Ribavirin C. Zanamivir (Relenza) |
A. Palivisumab (Synagis)
Ribavirin you can give if the RSV is life-threatening (for any age) ; Zanamivir (Relenza) is a neurominidase inhibitor like oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and is given for influenza treatment. |
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What respiratory disease does this describe:
*incubation: ~ 10 days until fever onset and ~14 until rash onset *PRODROMAL SYMPTOMS INCLUDE: COUGH, CORYZA, CONJUNCTIVITIS *acute, highly infectious disease acharacterized by fever and an erythematous, maculo-papular rash which becomes confluent and blotchy *Rash starts on forehead and spreads down to feet gradually. Rash clears in ~7 days in the same manner. *Koplick spots on buccal mucosa A. Measles / Rubeola B. MUMPS / Epidemic parotitis C. Rubella / German Measles |
A. Measles / Rubeola
Therapy is symptomatic. Vitamin A for cihldren recommended. *Patients are INFECTIVE at onset of symptoms through 5 days after the rash starts. *Passive immunization ( immune globuline intravenous- IGIV) and active immunization with live attenuated measles virus is available. |
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What respiratory disease does this describe:
*swelling of one or more of the salivary glands, usuually the parotid glands *incubation period is usually just 16-21 days. (Though 1/3 of cases do not produce clinically apparent salivary gland swelling). *CNS can be involved: asptic meningitis and meningoencephalitis (though rare) A. Measles / Rubeola B. MUMPS / Epidemic parotitis C. Rubella / German Measles |
B. MUMPS / Epidemic parotitis
Treatment is supportive. Children with MUMPS should stay home for at least 5 days from onset of parotid gland swelling. |
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This commonly causes acute respiratory tract infections in all ages and is the 2nd most common cause of broncholitis in infants.
A. RSV B. Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) C. Parainfluenza virus |
B. Human metapneumovirus (hMPV)
RSV is 1st MCC of bronchiolitis in infants |
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Describe measles' clinical manifestations and prodromal symptoms.
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Acute, highly infectious disease characterized by fever, erythematous maculo-papular rash, which becomes confluent and blotchy. Incubation period is about 10 days until fever onset and 14 days to rash. Prodromal symptoms include: COUGH, CORYZA and CONJUNCTIVITIS. Koplick spots also appear.
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A young child comes into your office with a fever, maculopapular rash, and spots on buccal mucosa. What respiratory virus syndrome has he contracted?
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Measles! Koplick spots (buccal mucosa) are indicative and unique to Measles! The fever and maculopapular rash is also characteristic. Other possible symptoms: Coryza, conjunctivitis. Patients are infectious for up to 5 days after onset of rash.
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What condition is associated with the complication of orchitis (swelling (inflammation) of one or both of the testicles) if infection occurs after puberty?
A. Measles B. MUMPS C. Rubella |
B. MUMPS
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Which of the viruses responsible for Measles, MUMPS or Rubella are not from the Paramyxoviridae family but from the Togaviridae family?
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Rubella!
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Which condition Can cause a constellation of congenital anomalies that includes opthalmologic, cardiac, auditory, neurologic problems, growth retardation, hepato-splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia ?
Measles, mumps or rubella? |
Rubella
(Congeintal Rubella Syndrome) |
