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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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From which cell line do all cellular components of blood arise?
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Lymphoid and Myeloid Stem Cells- hematopoietic (multipotent) stem cells in the bone marrow
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What are lymphocytes?
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specialized leukocytes derived from the lymphoid stem cell- most important are T and B
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Antigen
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Any molecule that stimulates an immune response
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Phagocytes
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Mediators of the innate immune response- engulf and destroy pathogens and dead/damaged cells
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Name the basic innate pathogen barriers
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Physical barriers (skin/mucous), mechanical responses (sneezing, vomiting, blinking), Chemical agents (FA on skin, HCl in stomach, defensins), Phagocytes (neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages), Inflammatory responses (attract WBC)
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Chemocytokines
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Specialized cytokines- attract WBC to sites of infection; employ chemotaxis to set neutrophils and monocytes in motion
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What are the functions of cytokines?
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signal bone marrow to make more leukocytes, tell body to flush more fluid out, attract WBC to sites of infection, signal blood vessel cells to express more adhesion molecules so leukocytes can stick together and pass through vessel walls
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immune memory
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the ability for the adaptive immune system to squash a pathogen more effectively in a repeat infection
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What are the 3 basic steps of an adaptive immune response?
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1. Synthesis of an antibody to bind the antigen and promote its elimination
2. T-cell killing of virus infected cells 3. T cell activation of macrophages to destroy phagocytosed pathogens that are resistant to destruction |
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Primary lymphoid organs
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sites of WBC production/maturation- ex: bone marrow (B cell development), thymus (T cell maturation)y
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Secondary/peripheral lymphoid organs
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bring the leukocytes and antigen together- lymph nodes (scattered, collect Ag from the tissue), spleen (where blood-borne pathogens meet immune system), Tonsils, appendix, peyers patches, etc
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What is the lymphatic response to an antigen?
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antigen is carried via afferent lymph duct (sometimes with transporter dendritic cell) to a vessel, where it meets phagocytes and lymphocytes in the node. an adaptive response is triggered
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