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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pathology |
The study of disease |
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Etiology |
The study of the cause of a disease |
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Pathogenesis |
The development of disease |
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Infection |
Colonization of the body by pathogens |
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Disease |
An abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally |
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Transient microbiota |
May be present for days, weeks, or months |
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Normal microbiota |
Permanently colonize the host Protect the host by: -occupying niches that pathogens might occupy -producing acids -producing bacteriocins - protein |
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Symbiosis |
The relationship between normal microbiota and the host |
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Commensalism |
One organism benefits and the other is unaffected |
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Mutualism |
Both organisms benefits |
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Parasitism |
One organism benefits at the expense of the other |
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Microbial antagonism |
Competition between microbes |
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Probiotics |
Live microbes applied to or ingested into the body, intended to exert a beneficial effect |
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Symptom |
A change in body function that is felt by a patient as a result of disease |
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Sign |
A change in a body that can be measured or observed as a result of disease |
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Syndrome |
A specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease |
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Communicable disease |
Any disease that is spread from one host to another |
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Contagious disease |
A disease that is easily spread from one host to another |
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Non-communicable disease |
A disease that is not transmitted from one host to another |
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Incidence |
Fraction of a population that contracts/develops a disease during a specific time. Indicator of the spread of a disease |
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Prevalence |
Fraction of a population that have a specific disease at a given time regardless of when it first appeared. Includes both old and new |
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Sporadic disease |
Disease that occurs occasionally in a population |
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Endemic disease |
Disease constantly present in a population |
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Epidemic disease |
Disease acquired by many hosts in a given area in a short time |
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Pandemic disease |
Worldwide epidemic |
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Herd immunity |
Immunity in most of a population |
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Acute disease |
Symptoms develop rapidly |
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Chronic disease |
Disease develops slowly |
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Subacute disease |
Symptoms between acute and chronic |
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Latent disease |
Disease with a period of no symptoms when the causative agent is inactive but still present |
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Local infection |
Pathogens are limited to a small area of the body |
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Systemic infection |
An infection throughout the body |
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Focal infection |
Systemic infection that began as a local infection |
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Sepsis |
Toxic inflammatory condition arising from the spread of microbes, especially bacteria or their toxins, from a focus of infection |
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Bacteremia |
Presence of bacteria in the blood |
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Septicemia |
Growth of bacteria in the blood |
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Toxemia |
Toxins in the blood |
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Viremia |
Viruses in the blood |
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Primary infection |
Acute infection that causes the initial illness |
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Secondary infection |
Opportunistic infection after a primary (predisposing) infection |
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Subclinical disease |
No noticeable signs or symptoms (inapparent infection) |
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Predisposing factors |
Make the body more susceptible to disease - short urethra in females and UTI's - inherited traits such as the sickle cell gene - climate and weather: respiratory infections in winter - fatigue - age - lifestyle - chemotherapy - eating out |
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Reservoirs of infection |
Continual sources of infection: 1. Humen: AIDS, gonorrhea - carriers may have inapparent infections or latent diseases 2. Animals: rabies, Lyme disease - some zoonoses may be transmitted to humans 3. Nonliving: botulism, tetanus - soil |
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Transmission of disease |
Contact: 1. Direct: requires close association between infected and susceptible host 2. Indirect: spread by fomites (non-living objects) 3. Droplet: transmission via airborne droplets |
