Micro Lecture Ch 12

Front 1

How is eukaryotic DNA packaged in the nucleus?

Back 1

As chromosomes

Front 2

Many eukaryotes reproduce sexually by forming ____________ and ____________.

Back 2

Gametes and Zygotes

Front 3

These three eukaryotes reproduce both sexually and asexually...

Back 3

Algae, fungi and some protozoa

Front 4

_______ form a zygote.

Back 4

Gametes

Front 5

A nucleus has one or two complete copies of a genome. These are known as _________ and _________.

Back 5

Haploid and diploid

Front 6

Name the four phases of mitosis.

Back 6

1. Prophase

2. Metaphase

3. Anaphase

4. Telophase

Front 7

Name the two types of nuclear division.

Back 7

Mitosis and meiosis

Front 8

Name the longest phase in mitosis.

Back 8

Prophase

Front 9

Name the shortest phase in mitosis.

Back 9

Metaphase

Front 10

When it comes to meiosis, how many phases are there?

Back 10

There are four phases.

Front 11

When it comes to meiosis, how many stages are there?

Back 11

There are two stages for each phase.

Front 12

In the second stage of meiosis, is there one copy or two copies of chromosomes?

Back 12

One copy. There are four haploid nuclei.

Front 13

Define cytokinesis.

Back 13

Cytoplasmic division

Front 14

When does cytokinesis occur in mitosis?

Back 14

It occurs simultaneously with telophase of mitosis.

Front 15

In some algae and fungi, cytokinesis does not occur at all. What is the result of this?

Back 15

Multinucleated cells called coenocytes

Front 16

In regards to protozoa, which is pathogenic; salt water protozoa or freshwater protozoa?

Back 16

Freshwater protozoa are pathogenic.

Front 17

These eukaryotes require moist environments and are critical numbers of plankton.

Back 17

Protozoa

Front 18

The motile feeding stage of protozoa is known as a...

Back 18

Trophozoite

Front 19

The resting stage of protozoa is called a...

Back 19

Cyst

Front 20

True or False: Some protozoa have 2 nuclei

Back 20

True

Front 21

In describing the nutrition of protozoa, most are ______________________.

Back 21

Chemoheterotrophic

Front 22

Define what it means to call something chemoheterotrophic.

Back 22

An example is protozoa which obtain nutrients by phagocytizing bacteria, decaying organic matter, other protozoa or tissues of a host.

Front 23

In describing nutrition of protozoa, dinoflagellates and euglenoids are ___________________.

Back 23

Photoautotrophic

Front 24

Name two types of asexual reproduction of protozoa.

Back 24

1. Binary fission

2. Schizogony

Front 25

Name two types of sexual reproduction of protozoa.

Back 25

1. Some become gametocytes that fuse to form diploid zygotes.

2. Some utilize a process called conjugation.

Front 26

In regards to nutrition of fungi, they are considered to be_______________________ and have cell walls that are typically composed of ________.

Back 26

Chemoheterotrophic, chitin

Front 27

True or False: Fungi perform photosynthesis and have chlorophyll.

Back 27

False. They lack chlorophyll and do not perform photosynthesis.

Front 28

True or False: The first antibiotic came from a fungi.

Back 28

True

Front 29

___________ causes diseases of plants, animals and humans.

Back 29

Mycoses

Front 30

Fungi acquire nutrients by ____________.

Back 30

Absorption

Front 31

Most fungi are called___________.

Back 31

Saprobes

Front 32

True or False: Most fungi are anaerobic.

Back 32

False. Most fungi are aerobic.

Front 33

Many yeast have ________________ anaerobes.

Back 33

Facultative

Front 34

While most fungi reproduce sexually, they all have some means of ____________ reproduction, involving mitosis and _____________.

Back 34

Asexual, cytokinesis

Front 35

The word used to describe asexual reproduction in yeast.

Back 35

Budding

Front 36

In fungi, instead of mating types being designated as male and female, they are instead '___' and '___.'

Back 36

'+' and '-'

Front 37

How many basic steps are there to sexual spore formation?

Back 37

Four basic steps.

Front 38

Algae carry out _____________ photosynthesis using ___________ 'a.'

Back 38

Oxygenic, chlorophyll

Front 39

Algae have sexual reproductive structures in which every cell becomes a ____________.

Back 39

Gamete

Front 40

Most algae are aquatic and live in what is known as the __________ zone of water.

Back 40

Photic zone.

Front 41

In regards to morphology of algae, name three morphologies.

Back 41

1. Unicellular

2. Colonial

3. Simple multicellular bodies called thalli

Front 42

Describe reproduction in unicellular algae.

Back 42

1. Asexual reproduction by mitosis which is followed by cytokinesis.

2. Sexual reproduction, individual gametes form zygotes which undergo meiosis.

Front 43

Describe reproduction in multicellular algae.

Back 43

1. Asexual reproduction by fragmentation.

2. Sexual reproduction with alternation of generations.

Front 44

Known as partnerships between fungi and photosynthetic microbes.

Back 44

Lichens

Front 45

They are abundant throughout the world, grow in almost every habitat, create soil from weathered rocks, and some provide nitrogen in nutrient-poor environments. They're also eaten by many animals. They are?

Back 45

Lichens