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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stain involved with simple staining |
Methylene blue. Heat fix the stain. Stain sits for 2 min. |
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negative staining |
*do not apply water* One drop of nigrosine. Mix bacteria. Use another slide to smear it *do not rinse* Allow to air dry. Examine at thin areas of the smear |
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Negative stain wont |
Stain the cells, only the background |
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Does negative stain leave cells clear? |
Yes |
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Use negative staining when |
Bacteria dont have a - or + charge |
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Gram staining |
Prepare smear with water. Air dry. Apply crystal violet, 2min, rinse Apply grams iodine, 2min, rinse Apply acid alcohol, 30sec, rinse Apply safranin, 1min, rinse |
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Gram + is the color |
Purple |
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Gram - is the color |
Red |
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Safranin is a |
Counterstain |
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Acid fast staining |
Prepare stain with water & bacteria. Heat fix. Add carbol fuschin, 5min, rinse. Add decolorizer, 1min, rinse. Add methylene blue, 2min, rinse, dry |
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Carbol fuschin is |
A primary stain in acid fast. |
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Methylene blue |
Is a counter stain in acid fast. |
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What is used to view moving bacteria? |
Hanging drop |
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Acid fast is the color |
Red |
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Non acid fast is the color |
Blue |
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Malachite green is used in |
Endospore staining |
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Endospore stain technique |
Prepare smear w/ water and bacteria. Heat fix. Cover w/ blotting paper, add malachite green, 15mins on hot plate, rinse.Remove paper, rinse.Add saffranin, 1min, rinse, dry. , rinse. Remove paper, rinse. Add saffranin, 1min, rinse, dry. |
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Vegetative cells in endospore staining |
Will be red from safranin. |
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Endospore may stain |
Green. |
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Endospore staining is also called |
Schaffer-Fulton method |
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An endospore is |
A shell, protein, DNA, enzymes |
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What group of bacteria produce endospores? |
Bacillus |
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Bacillus thurgeinsis |
Is used for a pesticide. Forms endospore for survival. Most common |
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Endospores are formed when |
Stained, dry, or exposed to UV |
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Endospores are problematic because |
They are resistant to attack. |
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Negative capsule staining technique |
Clean slide and apply one drop of Congo red and bacteria.
, air dry completely.
Spread into thin smear, air dry completely.
Immerse in acid fuschin, 30 secs.
Remove slide and do NOT rinse. rinse. rinse.
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Background of slide in negative staining will be what color and why |
Blue because of reaction between Congo red and acid fuschin |
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Cell in negative staining will be what color |
Red because of Congo red |
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Kingdom monera contains |
Prokaryotes |
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Kingdom protista contains |
Eukaryotes and protozoa |
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Kingdom protista contains the subkingdom |
Algae |
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Division of algae Cholophyta contains |
*green algae* Chlamydomonas (unicellular) Spirogyra (filamentous) Ulothrix (filamentous) Volvox (colonial) Ulva (filamentous) Acetabularia (unicellular) |
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Division of algae Chrysophyta (diatoms) |
Marine diatoms |
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Division of algae Pyrrophyta (dinoflagellates) |
Noctiluca (unicellular) |
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Division of algae Phaeophyta (brown algae) |
Padina (filamentous) marine. Attached algae
Sargassum (filamentous) floating seaweed
Fucus (thallus buoyant)
Laminaria |
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Division of algae Rhodophyta (red algae) |
Spiridea (filamentous) attached algae
Rhodymenia (filamentous) attached algae
Corralina (filamentous) attached algae. Makes up structure of coral reef. |
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Kingdom monera is |
A group of cyanobacteria that are photosynthetic.
Anabaena streptococcus
Oscillatoria streptobacillus |
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Kingdom protista subkindgom protozoa contains |
Phylum sarcodina. |
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Phylum sarcodina contains |
Entamoeba histolytica. Prepared slide has trophozooite stage. Cause of amoebic dysentery. Montezumas revenge
Naegleria fowleri |
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Class ciliata/ciliophora |
Balantidum coli. Slide has trophozooite stage, causes diarrhea. Very large cell |
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Phylum mastigophora/flagellates |
Trypanosoma- blood smear from the host. bacteria is in the blood.
Giardia lambia- has trophozooite and cysts. Has 2 nuclei, and causes diarrhea.
Trichomonas vaginalis- slide has nothing but flagellated protozoan. Causes inflammation of mucous membranes of urethra and vagina
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Phylum sporozoa/apicomplexa |
Toxoplasma gondii- causes toxoplasmosis
Plasmodium- causes malaria
Pneumocystitis carnii- causes pneumonia in aids patients. |
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Sacchromyces |
Is a yeast. |
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Cell forms of protozoans include |
1. Trophozoite- metabolically active; feeding form of vegetative protozoan; more sensitive to control
2. Cyst- dormant form which is resistant to control measures |
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Kingdom mycota/fungi (molds & yeast) division zygomycota |
Rhizopus nigricans- noted for food spilage in bread. Produces black sporangiospores. |
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Kingdom mycota/ fungi Division Ascomycota (sac/ cup fungi) |
Aspergillus niger- mold. Used for soy sauce. Causes food spoilage. Produces black conidia.
Penicillin chrysogenum- mold. Used for penicillin and cheese production. Food spoilage. Produces green conidia.
Neurospora crassa- mold. Used for genetic research. Produces pink-orange conidia.
Sacchromyces cerevisae- yeast. Used in baking and brewing. |
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Division basidomycta (club fungi) |
Important decomposers that digest cellulose and lignin in dead plants and return nutrients to the soil.
Amantia- poisons death cap mushroom
Cryptococcus neoformans causes fungal meningitis. |
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Examples of basidiomyctes |
Earth star, puffball, mushroom |
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Division Deuteromycota (imperfect fungi) |
Rhodotorula rubrum- yeast. Cells are pigmented pink. Food spoilage.
Candida albicans- main cause of yeast infections
Histoplasma capsulatum- causes histoplasmosis. |
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Kingdom Animal Phylum nematoda (roundworms) |
Enterobius vermicularis- pinworm. Lives in large intestine.
Necator americanus- hookworm. Lives in intestine.
Trichinells spiralis- muscle worm. Larvae incysted in pork.
Ascaris lumbroicoides- adults live in intestines
Dirofilaria immitis- heartworm. Larvae live among blood cells.
Toxocara cati- intestinal roundworm in cats
Toxocara canis- intestinal roundworm in dogs |
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Phylum platyheminthes (flatworms) |
Class trematoda (flukes)- Schistosoma mansoni- human blood fluke. Adults live on blood vessels
Clonorchis sinensis- human liver fluke. Adults live in hosts bile.
Fasciola hepatica- sheep live fluke.
Class cestoda (tapeworms) Monezia- sheep tapeworm. Lives in intestine
Taenia solium- human pork tapeworm. Larval stage termed cysticercus (bladderworm)
Dipylidium canium- tapeworm in dogs and cats. Has several proglottids and the scolex present. |
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Microbacterium tuberculosis is |
Acid fast |
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E coli is |
Non acid fast and encapsulated. Has some motility |
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Pseudomonas sp. and E coli |
Both have some motility |
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1. Psychrophiles 2. Mesophiles 3. Thermophiles 4. Hyperthermophiles |
