Micro Final - Fungus And Mycobacteria Identification

Front 1

Malassezia furfur

Back 1

Dimorphic fungus that causes pityriasis (tinea) versicolor, colonizes sebaceous glands and requires fatty acids for growth (lipophilic)

Front 2

Cladosporium (Exophiala) werneckii

Back 2

Dimorphic brown mold that produces melanin and is the cause of tinea nigra.

Front 3

Trichosporon beigelii

Back 3

Dimorphic fungus that causes white piedra

Front 4

Piedraia hortai

Back 4

Hyphal fungus that causes black piedra

Front 5

Ectothrix

Back 5

Caused by piedra pathogens that infect the cuticle of hair

Front 6

Dermatophytes

Back 6

Cause cutaneous infections. Three to remember:
[1] Epidermophyton (e.g. E. floccosum)
[2] Microsporum (e.g. M. audouinii)
[3] Tricophyton (e.g. T. tonsurans)

Front 7

Sporothrix schenkii

Back 7

Dimorphic fungus that grows on plants and causes Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis

Front 8

Candida albicans

Back 8

Stains gram positive, special dimorphism (germ tubes, hypae, pseudohyphae, yeast). Part of the normal flora, not found free-living in nature.

Front 9

Candida dubliniensis

Back 9

Does form germ tubes, but less frequently than C. albicans. Found in pts with HIV, and closely related to C. albicans.

Front 10

Candida glabrata

Back 10

Does not form germ tubes or pseudohyphae. Cause of 15% of UTIs. On the rise, and less susceptible to drugs than C. albicans

Front 11

Histoplasma capsulatum

Back 11

Primary fungal pathogen. Dimorphic fungus causing system mycosis, assuming hyphal form at environmental temperature and yeast form at 37 C in lab media and host tissue. Can be present in bird droppings. Forms tuberculate chlamydospores in culture--because of its granuloma formation it is sometimes misdiagnosed as TB.

Front 12

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Back 12

Primary fungal pathogen. Dimorphic (classic), with broad-base yeast buds and aerial spores. Associated with recreational activities. High proportion of symptomatic infections. Dogs are very susceptible.

Front 13

Coccidiodes immitis

Back 13

Primary fungal pathogen. Dimorphic, with arthrospores (environmental form) and spherule with endospores (tissue form). Cause of valley fever.

Front 14

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Back 14

Primary fungal pathogen. Dimorphic. South America. Tissue form is “wagon wheel” yeasts with multiple buds.

Front 15

Cryptococcus neoformans

Back 15

Monomorphic uninucleate encapsulated yeast with glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) capsule, opportunistic. Serotypes A and D (var. neoformans) are ubiquitous, associated with pigeon droppings. Serotypes B and C (var. gattiii) are found in eucalyptus trees. Serotype A is responsible for the majority of human cases.

Front 16

Zygomycetes

Back 16

Rhizopus, Absidia and Mucor. Similar to Aspergillus: monomorphic (hyphal), opportunistic, ubiquitous.

Front 17

Aspergillus

Back 17

Monomorphic hyphal fungus causing opportunistic infections. Long, parallel or acute branching, hyaline, septate hyphae approximately 3.0 µm in diameter. Species include fumigatus and flavus.

Front 18

Mucor

Back 18

Non-septate hyphae. Rhinocerebral infections in diabetic keto-acidosis

Front 19

Pneumocystis carinii (jiroveci)

Back 19

Opportunistic fungi, major cause of opportunistic mycoses in immunocompromised pts.

Front 20

Rhizopus

Back 20

Zygomycete

Front 21

Absidia

Back 21

Zygomycete

Front 22

Mucor

Back 22

Zygomycete

Front 23

These are the primary fungal pathogens

Back 23

Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Coccidioides immitis, posadasii
Paracocidioides brasiliensis

Front 24

These are the opportunistic fungal pathogens

Back 24

Candida albicans, glabrata
Cryptococcus neoformans
Aspergillus fumigatus, flavus
Zygomycetes (Rhizopus, Absidia, Mucor)
Pneumocystis carinii

Front 25

Cutaneous infections are caused by these fungi

Back 25

Microsporum
Trichophyton
Epidermophyton
Malassezia furfur
Cladosporium weneckii

Front 26

Subcutaneous infections are caused by these fungi

Back 26

Sporothrix shenkii, and several more (a very heterogenous group)

Front 27

Non-motile, non-spore forming, non-encapsulated, obligate aerobic rods

Back 27

Mycobacterium (acid-fast)

Front 28

Mycobacterium bovis

Back 28

Cause of TB in developing countries. Transmitted by contaminated milk

Front 29

Mycobacterium marinum

Back 29

Infects soft tissue. Rarely a lab contaminant.

Front 30

Mycobacterium fortuitum

Back 30

Infects soft tissue. Often a lab contaminant

Front 31

Mycobacterium avium

Back 31

Infects lung. Sometimes a lab contaminant

Front 32

Mycobacterium gordonae

Back 32

Infects lung (rarely). Usually a lab contaminant.