Micro Chapter 7

Front 1

heterotroph

Back 1

an organism that relies upon organic compounds for its carbon & energy needs

Front 2

autotroph

Back 2

self-feeder - uses inorganic CO2 as carbon source.

Front 3

growth factor

Back 3

An organic compound such as a vitamin or amino acid that must be provided in the diet to facilitate growth. An essential nutrient.

Front 4

phototrophs

Back 4

microbes that photosynthesize. Need light

Front 5

chemotrophs

Back 5

microbes that gain energy from chemical compounds.
everything but sunlight

Front 6

photoautotrophs

Back 6

autotrophs deriving energy from sunlight

Front 7

chemoautotrophs

Back 7

autotrophs deriving energy from chemicals
CHEMOORGANIC - use organic compounds for energy & inorganic compounds as carbon source.
LITHOAUTOTROPHS - requires neither sunlight nor organic nutrients - relying totally on inorganic materials.
METHANOGENS - produce methane from hydrogen & CO2

Front 8

chemoheterotrophs

Back 8

derive both carbon and energy from organic compounds

Front 9

saprobes

Back 9

free-living microorganisms that feed primarily on organic detritus from dead organisms

Front 10

parasites

Back 10

ordinarily derive nutrients from the cells or tissues of a host

Front 11

osmosis

Back 11

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Front 12

isotonic

Back 12

environment is equal in solute concentration to outside

Front 13

hypotonic

Back 13

solute concentration of external environment is lower than that of the internal environment.

Front 14

hypertonic

Back 14

environment has higher solute concentration than cytoplasm.

Front 15

diffusion

Back 15

molecules moving in gradient from high concentration to low concentration

Front 16

facilitated diffusion

Back 16

passive movement of substrance across plasma membrane from higher concentration to lower concentration using specialized carrier proteins

Front 17

mesophile

Back 17

organism that gros at intermediate temps.

Front 18

thermophile

Back 18

microbe that grows optimally at temps above 45 degrees C.

Front 19

aerobe

Back 19

aerobic organism

Front 20

obligate aerobe

Back 20

an organism that cannot gro without oxygen.

Front 21

facultative anaerobe

Back 21

an aerobe that does not require oxygen - is capable of growth without oxygen

Front 22

microaeophile

Back 22

requires a very small amount of oxygen in metabolism

Front 23

anaerobe

Back 23

lacks the metabolic enzyme systems for using oxygen in respiration

Front 24

strict or obligate anaerobes

Back 24

lakcs the enzymes for processing toxic oxygen and CANNOT tolerate any free oxygen in the immediate environment and will die if exposed to it.

Front 25

aerotolerant anaerobes

Back 25

do not utilize oxygen, but can survive and grow to a limited extent in its presence.

Front 26

barophiles

Back 26

deep sea microbes - a microorganism that thrives under high pressure (usually hydrostatic)

Front 27

symbiosis

Back 27

to organisms living together in close partnership

Front 28

mutualism

Back 28

organisms living in an obligatory, but mutually beneficial relationship

Front 29

commensalism

Back 29

a relationship where one member (the commensal) receives benefits, while its coinhabitant is neither harmed nor benefited

Front 30

satellitism

Back 30

a commensal relationship where one member provides nutritional or protective factors needed by the other.

Front 31

synbergism

Back 31

an interrelationship between two or more free-living organisms that benefits them, but is not necessary for their survival.

Front 32

coevolution

Back 32

a close ongoing relationship where a change in one of the partners leads to a change in the other which may in turn lead to another change in the first partner, etc.

Front 33

antagonism

Back 33

an association between free-living species that arises when members of a community compete.

Front 34

binary (transverse) fission

Back 34

bacterial cell division where one cell becomes two by enlargement of the parent cell, duplication of chromosome, formation of a central transver septum that divides the cell into two daughter cells

Front 35

generation (doubling) time

Back 35

The time required for a complete fission cycle from one parent to two daughter cells.

Front 36

growth curve

Back 36

a predictable pattern in laboratory studies

Front 37

lag phase

Back 37

a period of relative flatness on a graph - when the populatoin appears not to be growing or is growing at a slow rate

Front 38

eponential growth phase (logarithmic or log)

Back 38

a period during which the curve increases geometrically. Phase will continues as long as cells have adequate nutrients and favorable environment.

Front 39

Stationary growth phase

Back 39

the population enters survival mode in which cells stop growing or gro slowly. The curve levels off because the rate of cell inhibition or death balances out the rate of multiplication.

Front 40

death phase

Back 40

end of cell growth due to lack of nutrition, depletion of environment, and accumulation of wastes. Population of cells begins to die.

Front 41

turbid

Back 41

when a tube of clear nutrient solution becomes cloudy.

Front 42

direct or total cell count

Back 42

counting the number of cells in a sample microscopically.