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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic:
1. DNA 2. Plasma Membrane 3. Cytoplasm 4. Ribosomes |
1. Genetic material contained in one or more chromosomes. Membrane-bound in Eukaryotes. Non-membrane-bound in Prokaryotes.
2. Phospholipid Bilayer with proteins - a selective barrier separating inside/outside of the cell. 3. Material within the membrane - excluding the nucleoid/nucleus. Consists of a fluid Cytosol, and the Organelles and other suspended particulates. 4. Organelles of Protein Synth |
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How are bacteria distinguished from Eukaryotes?
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No nucleus (nucleoid)
A single chromosome |
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What kind of stain is Gram Stain?
Steps to the Gram Stain? |
POSITIVE STAIN
1. Fixate 2. Crystal Violet 3. Iodine 4. Decolorize 5. Safranin |
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What is the bacterial agent of Strangles?
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Streptococcus equi
Gram Positive Cocci in Chains |
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What is the bacterial agent of pyderma?
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Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
Gram Positive Cocci in Clusters (formerly known as S. intermedius) |
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What is the bacterial agent of pneumonia in humans?
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
Gram Positive Diplococci |
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What is the number organism found in NORMAL fecal matter?
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Bacteroides fragilis
Gram Negative Individual Rods |
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Bacteria are basically pretty small... what's the one HUGE one though?
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Oscillatoria (a cyanobacterium)
8 x 50 microns!!! |
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Why does Gram Positive stain purple and Gram Negative stain pink?
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Gram Positive has thick PG layer. When the Alcohol is added, it dehydrates this cell wall, and the crystal violet complexes inside the cell cannot escape.
In Gram Negative, the complexes readily diffuse through the thin PG layer (cell wall). PG is 50-90% of Gram POS PG is 5-20% of Gram NEG |
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Macroscopic Look at Bacteria:
1. The Sun 2. Flat one... very smelly! 3. White Hemisphere 4. Yellow and powdery, and very particular about medium 5. Black drop-spheres 6. Dried out, wrinkly form, curly colony 7. Red drop-spheres 8. Colorless with radial projections |
1. Staph aureus
2. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3. E. coli 4. Mycobacteria (marinum) 5. Streptococcus 6. Bacillus 7. Serratia marcesescens 8. Nocardia asteroides |
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Differential Media
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Different bacteria can be different colors - great for diagnostics
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Swarming Plates
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Diagnostic test for Motility.
(either toward an attractant or away from a repellent) |
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Def.
Bacterial Growth |
An orderly increase in all components of an organism.
(Should be a logarithmic curve) |
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Bacterial Growth Curve
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1. Lag phase - getting used to the new conditions. Prepare to multiply.
2. Log/Exponential Growth Phase. Go Go Go! Max Growth Rate Reached. 3. Stationary Phase -- nutrients running out, pH changing, etc... 4. Death / Logarithmic Decline Phase |
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Factors which affect growth
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1. Temp
2. pH 3. O2 4. Nutrients |
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Temperature sensitive bacteria
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Thermophiles = 40...55-75...80
Mesophiles = 10...30-45...47 Psychrophiles Obligate = -5...15-18...22 Facultative = -5...25-30...35 |
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pH sensitive bacteria
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Fungi 4-6 is good
Bacteria 6-9 is all right |
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Nutrients
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Some bacteria need particular nutrients. Special plates can help diagnose these cases.
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O2
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Obligate Aerobes - NEED O2
Obligate Anaerobes - O2 Kills them Facultative - Can handle it all Aerotolerant Anaerobes - Hate O2, but can deal with a little bit. Microphilics - Really like O2, but can survive on only a little if need be. |
