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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Iconic memory is...
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visual memory
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Echoic memory is...
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auditory memory
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STM
(Short term memory) is divided into... |
Primary: no manipulation; passing holding tank. (digits forward)
Working: requires manipulation; also a holding tank (digits backwards). |
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Rehearsing and chunking
are essential for enhancing...? |
LT transfer.
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Our STM coding system is of a __ nature.
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Duel
(visual and auditory) |
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Research states that using a visual coding system __ memory.
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enhances
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LTM is divided into
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Recent: 2 weeks
Remote: 2+ years |
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"priming" is...
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...a method for improving RECOGNITION for retrieval.
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Research shows that REM influences memory in that this is when memories are __ and __, as well as systematically __.
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reviewed and improved. as well as systematically cataloged.
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Research states that information is encoded and stored better when we are __ (in what state?).
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ALERT!
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"Eidetic" means...
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...a photographic memory.
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Zeigarnik Effect is...
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...unconsciously working/thinking about incomplete tasks.
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Redintegration is...
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...when something, perhaps a smell, unlocks a rapid chain of memories.
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With Flashbulb memory, we usually remember details ...
_ and _ (when) the event. |
...immediately BEFORE and DURING the event.
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What types of memories are accurate and what types are inaccurate and why?
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Accurate: Sensory and STM!
Inaccurate: LMT (because semantic features - distortion usually occurs in LTM transfer and retrieval). |
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Declarative memory, AKA __ memory, is further divided into __ and __.
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~Explicit~
More deliberate Semantic and Episodic Semantic: meaning/relationships, abstract, when and where you got those facts, etc. Episodic: autobiographical - that's it. |
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Semantic memory depends on one's ability to recall __ concepts.
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abstract concepts.
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Episodic memory recall depends on one's ability to __ concepts.
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reconstruct concepts.
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Procedural memory, AKA __ memory, is __ (how it operates),
which includes includes __ and __. |
Implicit
AUTOMATIC Skills and Procedures. |
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~HM~
1. Who's patient/study? 2. What structure(s) removed? 3. This had what effect? 4. The case study displayed: (2 valuable pieces of information). |
1. William SCOVILLE
2. Temporal Lobes: Hippo, Thalamus, mamillary glands, basil forbrain. 3. Total ANTEROGRADE amnesia. 4. a - NO SINGLE location for memory. b.- Importance of the Hippocampus in LT memory formation! |
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3 big things involved in the biology of memory:
1. _ Lobe (b/c it is highly susceptible to _ and _-Term Memory problems) 2. _ Lobe (b/c it houses your _, _, _ bodies, and _ forebrain). 3. (Neurotransmitter) |
Frontal lobe:
highly susceptible to interference and ST memory problems. Temporal cortex: Hippocampus, Thalamus, Mamillary bodies, basil forebrain. ACH |
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Karl Lashley discovered that...
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after several experiments, there is NO SINGLE LOCATION for memory!
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"Kinases" are a type of __ and involved in __.
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Enzyme
LTP |
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LTP:
Is the __ process by which... |
PHYSICAL process
...STM transfers into LTM |
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~LTP~
3 things/changes involved in LTP |
1. repeated synaptic stimulation via rehearsal.
2. chemical and structural change. 3. Kinases is involved (enzyme) |
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The forefather of research on "forgetting" is?
His research highlighted what effect? |
Eppinghaus
Nonsense syllable lists; most forgetting occurs within 1 hour; but this study was not tested on meaningful material. It did highlight Serial Position Effects: immediate recall = remember beginning and end; delayed recall = remember only the end. |
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Paramesia is...
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Memory DISTORTION
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Factors in forgetting (3):
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Retrieval
Interference Decay |
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***
Retroactive Interference: Proactive Interference: (examples) |
Retroactive Interference:
"Now that I read I/O materials, I've forgotten the Bio material!" New stuff fucks with recall of past shit. Proactive Interference: "I have too much info in my head right now; I can't take in anymore at the moment". (Previous learning fucks with encoding new shit.) Just ask yourself, "Who's getting fucked with?" |
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State-dependent memory is?
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When your "states" match, you are more likely to remember stuff.
(physical states, like drunk or high). |
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Mood-congruent memory
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When there is an emotional match between learning and recall.
Anxious while studying might serve to help you during any test anxiety. |
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__ memory is more effected by ageing than __ or __ memory.
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FLASHBULB
(Episodic?) Semantic (type of Declarative-Explicit) or Procedural (AKA Implicit). |
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Paramnesia involves __?
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Confabulation!
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Information Processing consists of these three divisions:
whereas Levels of Processing are more about the _ of memory: |
Information Processing:
Sensory, STM, and LTM Levels of Processing: (depth of memory) structural, phonemic, semantic. |
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Metamemory is
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Knowing HOW to know!
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Forgetting is most likely due to __ and this was suggested by research showing that subjects...
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INTERFERENCE
(rather than Decay or Retrieval) ...forget less when they are ASLEEP! |
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Yerkes-Dodson Law:
(2 implications) |
About memory and AROUSAL:
1. Moderate levels or arousal = best learning/memory. 2. The more difficult the task, the lower the optimal arousal level for best learning/memory of that task. (Think: Perky your Yerky!) |
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Trace-Decay Theory states:
(2 things) |
Loss of memory is due to
1. physiological change and 2. decays over time due to disuse. |
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Motivated forgetting is...
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...repression!
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