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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Klein believed, that children develop ____ much earlier than Freud believed. |
Super ego |
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Three important ways of object relation theory, differs from Freudian theory. |
• it places more emphasis on interpersonal relationship • it stresses the infants relationship with the mother rather than father. • it suggests that people are motivated primarily for human contact rather than sexual pleasure. |
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The term "object" refers to ___ that infants introject, or take into their psychic structure and then later project onto other people. |
any person or part of a person |
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Infants begin life with inherited predisposition to reduce the anxiety and they experience as a consequence of the clash between____ and_____ |
Life Instincts and Death instincts |
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On phantasies, very young infants posses on active, unconsious phantasy life their most basic fantasies are image of ? |
Good breast and Bad breast |
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Drives have and object ( hunger, good breast, sexual organ) child's relationship with these objects ______ which she saw as having a life of their own withing the child fantasy life. |
(parents face, hands, breast and penis etc.) |
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In their attempt to reduce the conflict produce by good and bad images, infant organize their experience into |
positions |
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The first 3-4 months. The struggles that infants experience with good breast and bad breast lead to two separate and opposing feelings -- a desire to harbor the breast and a desire to bite or destroy it. To tolerate this two feelings, the ego itself by retaining parts its life and death instincts while projecting other parts onto breast. It then has a relationships with the ideal breast and persecutory breast. To control this situation, infants adopts the paranoid-schizoid position which is a tendency to see the world as having both destructive and omnipotent qualities. |
Paranoid- schizoid position |
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(the first 5-6 months) The anxiety that infants experience around 6months of age over losing their mother and yet, at the same time. wanting to destroy her. Resolved when infants phantasize that they made up for their previous offenses against their mother and also realize that their mother will not abandon them. |
Depressive Position |
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Children adopt various _____ to protect their ego against anxiety aroused by their own destructive fantasies. |
Psychic Defense Mechanism |
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Phantasy of taking into ones own body the images, that one has of an external object. Especially the mother breast.
Infants usually ___ good objects as a protection against anxiety. But they also ____ bad objects in order to gain control of them. |
Introjection |
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Phantasy that one's own feeling and impulses reside within another person children ____ both good and bad images so that they ease the unbearable anxiety of being destroyed by the dangerous internal forces. |
Projection |
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Mentally keeping a part, incompatible images to tolerate good and bad aspects of themselves and of external objects. ____ can beneficial to both children and adults, because it allows them to like themselves while still recognizing some unlikable qualities. |
Splitting |
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Split off unacceptable parts of themselves, project them onto another object, and finally introject them in an altered form. |
Projection Identification |
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After introjecting external objects, infants organize them into a psychologically meaningful framework. |
Internalization |
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Internalization 3 types |
Ego, super-ego, Oedipus complex |
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Internalization are supported by the early egos ability to feel anxiety, to use defense mechanism, and to form object relation & both phantasy and reality. - A unified__ emerges only after first splitting itself into the two parts. The life and death Instinct. |
Ego |
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The ___ processed rather than followed the Oedipus complex, Klein also saw the ___ as being quite harsh and cruel. |
Super-ego |
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Begins during the first few months of life, then reaches its peak during the genital stage, at about 3-4 years of age. Based on children fear that their parents will seek revenge against them for their phatasy of emoting the parents body.. -For the healthy development, children should retain positive feelings for each parents. |
Oedipus complex |
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Mahler was primarily concern with Psychological birth of the individual that takes place during the first 3 years of life, a time when a child gradually surrender security of |
autonomy |
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Mahler meant, that the child becomes individual separate form his or hers primary caregiver, and accomplishment that leads ultimately to a |
sense of identity |
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A time when infants satisfy their needs withing the all powerful protective orbit of their mothers care |
Normal Autism( first 3 to 4 weeks of life) |
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When infants behave as if they and their mother were an all powerful, interdependent unit |
Normal Symbiosis |
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A time when children are becoming psychologically separated from their mothers and achieving individuation , or as sense of personal indentity. |
Separation - individuation (4 months until about 3 years) |
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Which lasts from the 5th month until the 7th to 10 months of age and is marked by a bodily breaking away from the mother infant symbiotic orbit. For this reason, the ___ substage is analogous to the hatching of an egg. At this age, Mahler observed infants smile in response to the own mother. Indicating a bond with a specific other person. Psychologically healthy infants who expand their world beyond the mother will be curious about strangers and will inspect them; unhealthy infants will fear strangers and recoill from them. |
Differentiation |
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As infants physically begin to move away from their mothers by crawling and walking, they enter the ____ substage of separation individuation. A period from about 7th to 10 month of age about the 15, 16 month. During this subphase, children easily distinguishe their body form their mothers, establish a specific bond with their mother. An begin to develop automous ego. They do not like to lose sight of their mother, they follow her with their eyes and show distress when she is away. Later, they begin to walk and to take in the outside world. |
Practicing |
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They desire to bring their mother and themselves back together, physically or psychologically. Mahler noticed, children of this age want to share with their mother every new acquisition of skills and every new experience. |
Rappoachement |
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He __ emphasize the process by which the self evolves from a vague and undifferentiated image to a clear and precise sense of individual identity m He believed that human relations relatedness, not innate instinctual drives, are the core of human person |
Heinz Kohut |
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According to Kohut, Infants require adult caregivers not only to gratify physical needs but also to satisfy basic psychological needs, in caring for both physical and psychological needs, adults or ___Treat infants as if they had a sense of self. |
Self objects |
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Kohut defined the self as |
"The center of the individual psychological universe" |
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The self gives unity and consistency to ones experience, remain relatively stable over time, and is |
"the center of initiative and a recipient of impressions" |
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___ is established when the infant relates to a "mirroring" self objects from message such as " If others see me as perfect, then I am perfect. |
Grandiose-exhivitionistic self |
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The ____ opposed to the grandiose self because it implies that someone else is perfect. Nevertheless,it too satisfies a narcissistic need because the infant adopts the attitude, "You are perfect, but I am part of you." |
Idealized parent image |
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___ discovered three stages of separation anxiety 1. Protest 2. Apathy and despair 3. Emotional detachment from people, including the primarily caregiver. Children who reached the third stage lack warmth and emotions in their relationship |
John Bowly Attachment Theory |
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Developed a technique called Strange Situation for measuring one of the three tyoes of attachment styles secure attachment, anxious resistant and anxious avoidant attachment. |
Mary Ainsworth |
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When their mother return, these infants are happy and initiate contact. These infants will go to mother and want to held |
Secure attachment |
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Very anxious and very stressful, and their reaction are ambivalent. When their mother leaves the room they become usually upset at their mother return,they seem contact with her but reject attempts at being sooted. - very conflict messages |
Anxious ambivalent (resistant) |
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Infant stay calm when their mother leaves, they accept the stranger, and the mother return they ignore and avoid her. |
Avoidant or dissimissive attachment |
