Medstudy Endocrinology

Front 1

Anterior Pituitary Hormones

Back 1

Prolactin, GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH

Front 2

Somatostatin inhibits these hormones

Back 2

GH and TSH

Front 3

Abnormality of the optic nerve, agenesis/hypoplasia of septum pellucidum or corpus callosum or both, and often hypothalamic insufficiency, abnormality in transcription factor HESX1

Back 3

Septo-Optic Dysplasia (de Morsier Syndrome)

Front 4

Most common tumor to destroy hypothalamus, pituitary, or its stalk

Back 4

Craniopharyngioma

Front 5

Normal weight/length at birth, fall <4 standard deviations by 1 yr of age, microphallus, hypoglycemia, direct hyperbilirubinemia, round head, short, broad face, frontal bone prominence, depressed "saddle-shaped" nos," bulging eyes, high pitched voice, small gonads, scant facial/axillary/pubic hair

Back 5

Congenital Hypopituitarism (GH deficiency)

Front 6

Normal growth through first 12 mo, slowed to 3rd percentile, normal velocity after 2-3 yrs of age, normal bone age

Back 6

Constitutional Growth Delay

Front 7

Polyuria, polydipsia, poor feeding, growth failure, irritability, fevers, new onset enuresis

Back 7

Diabetes Insipidus

Front 8

Hyponatremia, low serum osmolality, inappropriately high urine osmolality, low urine volume, high plasma volume, treat with fluid restriction

Back 8

SIADH

Front 9

AD inheritance, upward subluxation of lens, tall stature

Back 9

Marfan Syndrome

Front 10

AR inheritance, downward subluxation of lens, tall stature, mental retardation

Back 10

Homocysteinuria

Front 11

Born > 90% percentile, grow rapidly over first 12 months to >97%, rapid growth continues through 4-5 yrs, clumsy, mental retardation, normal GH levels

Back 11

Sotos Syndrome

Front 12

Fetal overgrowth, hypertrophy of organs, macroglossia, hepatosplenomegaly, nephromegaly, pancreatic B cell hyperplasia, predisposed to Wilms tumor and adrenocortical carcinoma

Back 12

Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome

Front 13

Most common brain lesion to cause precocious puberty, ectopic neural tissue that contains GnRH secretory neurons and fxns as an accessory GnRH pulse generator

Back 13

Hypothalamic Hamartoma

Front 14

Patchy skin pigmentation, fibrous dysplasia of skeletal system, missense mutation in gene that encodes alpha subunit of GS (protein that triggers cAMP formation), affects TSH, FSH, LH, and ACTH, precocious puberty - starts with vaginal bleeding

Back 14

McCune-Albright Syndrome

Front 15

AD inheritance, precocious puberty not due to GnRH stimulation but rather to missense mutation of LH receptor, high testosterone, tx with ketoconazole - inhibits 17,20-lyase and testosterone synthesis

Back 15

Familial Male Gonadotropin-Independent Precocious Puberty

Front 16

Most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism

Back 16

Thyroid dysgenesis

Front 17

Short extremities, wide open fontanelles esp posterior fontanelle, delayed dentition, large tongue, yellow skin discoloration from carotenemia, dev delay, hypotonic muscles or pseudohypertrophy (Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndrome)

Back 17

Congenital Hypothyroidism

Front 18

Autoimmune thyroiditis accompanied with diabetes mellitus with or without adrenal cortical insufficiency

Back 18

Schmidt Syndrome

Front 19

Only found in Graves disease

Back 19

Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulin

Front 20

Inflammation of thyroid occurring after URI, fever, thyroid tenderness, pain, lasts 2-9 months

Back 20

Subacute (de Quervain) Thyroiditis

Front 21

High Calcium and high phosphorus

Back 21

High Vitamin D

Front 22

High Calcium and low phosphorus

Back 22

Hyperparathyroidism

Front 23

Low Calcium and low phosphorus

Back 23

Low Vitamin D

Front 24

Low Calcium and high phosphorus

Back 24

Hypoparathyroidism

Front 25

PTH antagonist, slows down osteoclasts causing decrease in bone resorption, increases renal calcium clearance

Back 25

Calcitonin

Front 26

Maintain osteoblast function, cause calciuria

Back 26

Glucocorticoids

Front 27

2 of 3 of: autoimmune hypoparathyroidism, Addison diseae, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, other sx include alopecia areata, chronic active hepatitis, vitiligo, and diabetes, AR on gene 21q22.3

Back 27

Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy Disease Type 1

Front 28

Type 1 DM, thyroid disease, Addison's, associated with HLA-D3 and HLA-D4, more common in females

Back 28

Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy Disease Type II

Front 29

Medullary stenosis of long bones, short stature, delayed bone age, eye abnormalities, episodic hypocalcemia

Back 29

Kenny-Caffey Syndrome

Front 30

AD defect of alpha subunit of coupling factor required for PTH to bind to cell surface receptors, round faces, short, stocky build, short fingers with dimpling of dorsum of hand, mental retardation

Back 30

Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type 1A

Front 31

Bony malformation due to abnormalities in production or excretion of calcium and phosphate, disease of growth plate resulting in under-mineralization, elevated alk phos

Back 31

Rickets

Front 32

This type of rickets does not result in hyperparathyroidism

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Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets

Front 33

X-linked, low serum phosphorus due to decreased renal tubular resorption, high urine phosphorus, elevated alk phos, normal PTH, tx with calcitriol and phosphate replacement

Back 33

Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets