Medieval Art & Architecture Final Exam

Front 1

Back 1

Hinged Shoulder Clasp, Sutton Hoo Ship Burial, Suffolk, England, c. 625 CE

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Back 2

Belt Buckle, mound 1, Sutton Hoo Dhip Burial, Suffolk, England, c. 625 CE

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Back 3

Staffordshire Hoard (various objects), Hammerswitch, 7-8th centuries CE

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Back 4

Eagle fibulae, Visigothic Spain, 6th century CE

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Back 5

Skellig Michael Monastery, Ireland, 6th to 9th centuries

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Back 6

Codex Sinaiticus, Eastern Mediterranean, 350 CE

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Back 7

The Story of Jacob, Vienna Genesis, Syria/Palestine, Early 6th century CE

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Back 8

Symbol of St. Matthew, Book of Durrow, Durrow, Second half of 7th century

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Back 9

Carpet Page, Lindisfarne Gospels, Lindisfarne, c. 710-725 CE

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Back 10

Chi Rho Iota Monagram, Book Of Kells, Iona, c. 750-825 CE

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Cloisonné enamel

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Technique using cells made from thin wire, then soldering them to metal backing to create enclosed shapes for enamel (or melted jewels or glass) to be poured into

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Millefiori

Back 12

A glass/enamel technique where thin rods of coloured glass are gathered like a bouquet to create a pattern at the base, then cut into little tiles to be placed in jewelry or other pieces

Hint 12

Means: a thousand flowers

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Zoomorphic

Back 13

Depicting animals, or having animal characteristics

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Anthropomorphic

Back 14

Having human characteristics

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Niello

Back 15

Technique using a black mixture of sulfur, silver, lead and copper to fill in engraved designs in metals like silver

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Apotropaic

Back 16

Having a protective nature, and repels evil or bad luck

Hint 16

Associated with knotwork/unbroken line

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Dry-stack method

Back 17

Constructing a wall by stacking cut stones without any binding agent like mortar

Hint 17

Associated with Hadrian's Wall

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Hiberno-Saxon

Back 18

Art style that came from post-Roman Ireland and England

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Scriptorium

Back 19

A room in a monastery used by scribes to write, copy and illuminate manuscripts

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Codex

Back 20

A bound handwritten manuscript

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Parchment and vellum paper

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Parchment: made from sheep, calf or goat skin

Vellum: finer quality and made from young animal's skin (calf or lamb)

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Illumination vs illustration

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Illustration: explaining the text with relevant paintings

Illumination: use of silver and gold leaf or powder to give the illusion of illumination, and was decorative and embellished capital letters, margins and borders

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Back 23

Saint-Sernin Cathedral, Toulouse, ca. 1070-1120 CE

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Back 24

Saint-Sernin Interior plan

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Back 25

Durham Cathedral, Durham, England, ca.1093-1133 CE

Hint 25

Norman Romanesque

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Back 26

Maiestas Domini Tympanum (south portal), Saint-Pierre, Moissac, c. 1115-1130 CE

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Back 27

Giselbertus, The Last Judgment Tympanum (west portal), Cathedral of Saint-Lazare, Autun, c. 1120-1145 CE

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Bay

Back 28

Vertical division of a church that encloses 4 piers or pillars that supports a groin or rib vault

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Romanesque pilgrimage choir

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The east end of a romanesque church, encompassing the apse, ambulatory and radiating chapels, all serving to allow for a large crowd of pilgrims

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Compound pier

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A pier, or large pillar, with a group or cluster of pilasters attached to its outer surface

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Barrel Vault

Back 31

A semicircular arched ceiling

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Radiating chapel

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Smaller chapels that surround the apse, with altars where relics could be placed

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Quadrant arch

Back 33

Buttress under the roof, over the tribunes, for massive nave piers

Hint 33

In Durham Cathedral

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Transverse arch

Back 34

An arch that goes from side of a vault to the other

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Nave colonnade

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A row columns or pillars that go down each side of the nave

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Back 36

Durandus, Marble relief on cloister pier, Abbey of saint-Pierre, Moissac, c. 1100 CE

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Back 37

Daniel in the Lion's Den, historiated capital, Monastery of Saint-Pierre, Moissac, c. 1100 CE

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Back 38

Road to Emmaus, Monastery of Santo Domingo de Silos, c. 1100 CE

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Back 39

Benedictine Monastery of Cluny Plan (Cluny 2, 11th century, Cluny 3, 12th century)

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Back 40

Reliquary Bust of Saint Yrieix, Limousin, 1225-1250 CE

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Reliquary Effigy of St-Foy, Conques, c. 1000 CE

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Back 42

Arm reliquary of St-Peter, South Netherlands, c. 1230 CE

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Back 43

Abbey Church at Fontenay, 1139-1147 CE

Hint 43

Cisterian order

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Back 44

Chevet of Abbey Church of Saint Denis, north of Paris, rebuilt by Abbott Suger c. 1140-1144

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Back 45

Plan of Romanesque Pilgrimage Choir of Saint Sernin vs Chevet of Saint Denis

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Relic

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Part of the body of a Saint or religious figure

Contact relic: object touched or used by saint, or textile worn or kept near by deceased saint

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Reliquary

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Heavily adorned container for a relic

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Claustrum

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A covered passage that surrounds an open square and gives access to multiple buildings within the monastery. A primary place for reading and instructing

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Historiated capital

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A capital atop a pillar decorated with relief carvings, sometimes depicting a narrative

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Virtus

Back 50

The strength given to relics, and power of saintly bodies

Hint 50

Latin for strength

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Furta Sacra

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The phenomenon of relic theft. It was commonplace and almost acceptable because of belief that the relic "allowed" itself to be stolen, therefore it's new location is where it's meant to be

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Benedictine order

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ex: Benedictine Abbey of Cluny was founded by William I who renounced any claim to establishment; it was entirely up to monks how to run it, and they were given many donations. Which allowed for extravagance and opulence in monastery

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Cistercian order

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Response to benedictine order, a reform and return to modesty in churches and monasteries

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Apoligia

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A written defence of ones opinions (ex: Bernard de Clairvaux's apologia to William of St-Thierry: his opposition to opulence in places of worship)

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Back 55

Chartres Cathedral, Chartres interior rebuilt (after fire) 1194 CE

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Interior of Upper Chapel, Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, 1239-1248 CE

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Back 57

Flight into Egypt (stained glass), Abbey Church of Saint Denis, c. 1140-1144 CE

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God as creator of the world, Frontispiece of a moralized bible, Paris, ca. 1220-1230 CE

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Back 59

Heavenly Jerusalem, folio from trinity college apocalypse, Anglo-norman, 1255 CE

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Back 60

A nun experiences three stages of mystical vision, Paris, c.1310 CE

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Quadripartite ribbed vault

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A vaulting system with 2 diagonal intersecting ribs connecting from one transverse arch to the other, creating 4 areas of webbing

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Pseudo-Dionysius

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Christian theologian, believed in Neo-platonic philosophy that describes emanation from immaterial to material form. (So: support of opulence in places of worship)

Hint 62

Abbot Suger believed he was the reembodiment of Saint Denis

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Flying buttress

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An exterior arch support that attaches the roof line to the buttress pier

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Glazier

Back 64

A special class of glass workers that would create a stained glass window

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Scholasticism

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The application of Aristotle's principles to the interpretation of religious belief; the belief that logic and reason can also lead to religious truth

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Rose window

Back 66

Large stained glass window above main altar with stone ornamented tracery to suggest a flower design