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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ethan Zuckerman |
-Became fellow of the Berkman Center for Internet & Society (Harvard) in Jan 2003 -Focus on impact of technology on the world -Nerdy as f*ck |
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Tim Berners Lee |
-Devised coding that made World Wide Web possible -Invented WWW |
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Fiber Optic Cable |
-Light pulses at phenomenal rates of transmission |
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Multiplexing |
-Messages broken into bits |
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Compression |
-Screens out non-essential parts of messages |
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Streaming |
-Messages can be segmented for downloading |
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Wi-Fi |
-Wireless internet transmission |
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Ultrawideband |
-Uses existing frequencies for more bandwidth capacity |
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Mesh Networks |
-Every wireless device serves as a transmitter and receiver for every other wireless device |
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Web Advertising Measurements |
-Measures Hits, Visits, Page Views, Time on Site |
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Four eras of journalism |
-Colonial, Partisan, Penny, and Yellow Press |
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Colonial Period |
-Benjamin Harris published first colonial Newspaper, Publick Occurrences, in Boston in 1690 -John Peter Zenger |
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Benjamin Harris |
-Colonial Period -Published first colonial Newspaper, Publick OCcurrences |
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John Peter Zenger |
-Colonial Period -Most Famous -Publisher of the New York Weekly Journal -Accused and tried for libel against British Gov -Arrested and burned printing press -Innocent (he told the truth) -Super important to pave way for independent press in America |
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Partisan Period |
-The Federalist period in American history "The federalist papers" debating shape of the American constitution published at this time -Government should keep hands off press -News media should comment on public issues -Government transgressions against the news media will be met by public rejection |
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Penny Press Period |
-Benjamin Day in 1833 started The New York Sun -Penny a copy, affordable -James Gordon Bennett organized first newsroom reporting staff -Industrialization (steam powered press) -Urbanization (workers flocked to cities) -Immigration (from Europe) -Literacy (Increasing) |
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Benjamin Day |
-Penny Press -Started the New York Sun in 1833 when he was 22 |
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James Gordon Bennett |
-Organized first newsroom reporting staff -Hired reporters and sent them out to gather information for his New York Herald |
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Yellow Period |
-Joseph Pulitzer, poor immigrant, made St. Louis Post-Dispatch into a financial success -William Randolph Hearst -Yellow Kid, Yellow Journalism |
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Joseph Pulitzer |
-Poor immigrant who made St. Louis Post-Dispatch into a financial success -Decided to try bigger city in 1883 (NY) -Brought New York World and applied his formula -Emphasized human interest, worth cause, promotional hoopla, solid journalism -Star reporter Nellie Bly (epitomized the two faces of Pulitzer) -Hired cartoonist to combat Hearst |
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William Randolph Hearst |
-Young admirer of Pulitzer -Father's mining fortune mimics Pulitzer's formula -Bought New York Journal and vowed to "Out-Pulitzer" Pulitzer -Hired cartoonist that was combated by Pulitzer |
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Spanish-American War |
-Pulitzer and Hearst promoted trumped up stores about conflicts between Span and America. -Both claimed Maine explosion was Spanish attack |
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Modern Journalism |
-Built on basic principles established during the four eras of journalism |
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News Hole |
-Space left for news after the ads |
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News Flow |
-Quantity of events worth covering |
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Non-Newsroom Influences on News |
-Corporate Policy -Pressure from Sources -Pressure from advertisers |
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Current Journalism Trends |
-Nonstop Coverage -Live News -Unedited Blogs -Soft News |
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Public Relations |
-Persuasive communication tool the people can use to motivate other people and institutions to help them achieve their goals |
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Ivy Lee |
-Founder of modern public relations, for counsel on gaining public support -Hired by railroad execs and then coal mine operators in 1906 to change image and then hired by Rockefeller after the Ludlow Massacre -Industries should move towards openness |
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Ludlow Massacre |
-Violent deaths of 20 people, 11 children during attack by the Colorado National Guard on a tent colony of 1,200 striking coal miners and their families |
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George Creel |
-Headed PR push during WW1 -Directed flow of gov. propoganda -Issues of censorship, news manipulation, and public's "right to know" -Task to convince a divided country of the wisdom of Wilson's decision to join the war against Germany -Established a system of voluntary press censorship |
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Elmer Davis |
-Headed PR push during WW2 -Appointed director of United States Office of War Information by Roosevelt in 1941 -Recommended Jap-Americans be permitted to enlist for service in Army and Navy |
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United States Office of War Information |
-Headed by Elmer Davis in WW2 |
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External Relations |
-Messages for related industries or persons |
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Internal Relations |
-Messages for employees, managers, unions, shareholders |
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Media Relations |
-Messages for the masses via mass media |
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Public Relations Services |
-Publicity and Promotion -Lobbying -Political Communication -Image Consulting -Fund-raising -Event Coordination -Crisis Management |
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Differences Between Public Relations and Advertising |
-PR is part of the management structure -Sales is the bottom line in advertising -Advertisers buy their time; PR pros work with the media -Institutional Advertising is a hybrid of advertising and public Relations |
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4 Types of Media Relations |
-Open Media Relations -Proactive Media Relations -Ambivalence in Media Relations -Adversarial Media Relations |
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Professionalism in PR |
-PR has a tarnished image that stems from shortsighted promotion and whitewashing techniques of the late 1800s |
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Nellie Bly |
-Stunt Journalism -Age of the Mad house -Around the World -Went to IUP -Pulitzer published her in NY |
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William Caxton |
First English person to work as a printer.Introduced the printing press to England.First printed flyer ad in 1468 |
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Benjamin Day |
Introduced The New York Sun, the first penny press newspaper. Found that lowering price to a penny would increase readership |
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Wayland Ayer |
Advertising pioneer.Revolutionized the industry bu making the advertising firm an active agent for the advertiser. |
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George Gallup |
Founded the Institute of American Public OpinionThis is now a $5 billion a year business |
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Walter Lippman |
wrote "Public opinion" and said we see the world as "pictures in our head" influenced by the media |
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Harold Laswell |
studied propaganda during WWI and believed in Bullet or Hypodermic Theory |
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Paul Lazarfeld |
Studied voter behavior and created the Two Step Flow Theory |
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Fourth Estate |
Phrase coined by Edmund Burke |
