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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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"I like to sound as if I'm talking to an intelligent friend."
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Richard C. Hottelet, CBS News
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"Our chief want in life is somebody who shall make us do what we can."
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Emerson
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2 most important/core values of journalism
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accuracy and fairness
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in journalism you must
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tell the truth and use the language well
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never present in news stories
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opinions
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7 qualities of news
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impact, timeliness, proximity, unusual nature, human interest, conflict, celebrity (prominence)
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news is
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what's different
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"Never take no for an answer, thicken your skin."
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Edna Beauchanan
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objectivity
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facts not opinions, no bias; expressing or involving the use of facts without distortion by personal feelings or prejudices
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"nobody should give a rat's ass about a reporter's opinion."
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Richard Pyle, AP
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2 rules for journalists
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dont tell me what to think, dont tell me what you think
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in a basic news story, reporters have two jobs..
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get the story and tell the story
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two types of news stories
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hard news, soft/feature
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7 basic questions in a news story
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who, what, when, where, why, how, who says so
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Hemingway's shortest story
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"For sale: Baby shoes. Never worn."
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"The adjective is not your friend."
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H.L. Mencken (but the verb is)
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bad adjectives (never use)
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many, numerous, very, various
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human pronouns
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who (subject) whom (object)
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non human pronouns (dog/cat)
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that or which
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If there's more than one sentence...
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don't make a reader wait for attribution
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passive (generally bad)
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"mistakes were made." BY WHO?
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print journalism written in
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past tense
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tv journalism written in
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present tense
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attribution
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any matter of fact, unless universally acknowledged, needs this
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lede (lead)
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the first paragraph of a news story, designed to make you read the next sentence
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"If you don't hit a newspaper reader between the eyes with your first sentence, there is no need to write a second one."
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Arthur Brisbane
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lead must
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make the reader want to read the rest of the story
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lead should contain
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as many of W's as possible (usually who, what, when where)
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dateline
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at the beginning of the story (where the story was written and sometimes also where it happened)
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hard news lead
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35 words or less, 1-2 sentences
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missing/burying the lead
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reader finds out info too late
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blind lead
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writing the lead with unknown person, reveals name later
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"when i think of AMerica, in its best sense, it is plain talk. Say it! Don't cover it up with layers of whipped cream-just say it!"
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John Corigliano
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INverted pyramid style
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important info first, bottom may get thrown out
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order/steps of inverted pryamid
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tick tock, bio, eyewitness accounts, police accounts, names/ages, etc.
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quotes
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used to add interest, humanity, break up blocks of text, help/apply to story
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after writing first draft...
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read story out loud after 1/2 hour
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allegedly
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bad, dangerous word-->doesn't clear you
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when to say guilty...
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dont' say it until a person confessed or is convicted in open court, instead say "charged with," people have right to counsel and innocence until proven guilty
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"Every government is run by liars, and nothing they say should be believed."
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I.F. (Izzy) Stone
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Randy Duke Cunningham
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one of the most powerful members of the House of REpresentatives until 3 years about, thoroughly corrupt and in in prison b/c of a series of articles in SDUT which exposed the corrupt relationship with SD contractor-giving him lavish goods
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This article.....
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resulted in PP for reporter and Copley news service-reporter struck by fact that CUnningham sold his house to a company and not a person
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"To comfort the afflicted and afflict the comfortable"
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H.L. Mencken
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4th estate
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press b/c average people weren't part of the other 3 estates (clergy, nobility, merchan class). Thomas Carlyle says more important htan others-reporters sat in gallery
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"Were it left to me to decided whether we sould have a government without newspapers, or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter."
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Thomas Jefferson, 1787
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"Our country, in her intercourse with foreign nations, may she always be in the right. BUt our country, right or wrong"
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Comador Stephen Decatur (hero, commander of WAr of 1812
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"our government, right or wrong."
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Ron Bonn
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propaganda
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information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote a political cause or point of view
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why propaganda is wrong
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during WW2, Japan never lost a battle, but lost hte war-Japanese press/military was controlling
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3 sources of information
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eyewitnesses (interviews), yourself (1st hand reporting), stored sources
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"interviewing ranks at the top of what mass media persons engage in"...
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in order to be a good journalist, you need an effective interview
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2 qualities the interviewer must establish in the interview
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empathy and rapport
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empathy
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the capacity of participating in another's feelings or ideas; understanding and sharing the feelings of anohter
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rapport
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a relation marked by harmony and accord; a close and harmonious relationship in which there is common understanding
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to do's in an interview...
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dress well, be humble, be aware of racial differences, courtesy is key, find an approach, be respectful, talk shoould be conversation
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2 kinds of interviewers
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1-asks question, gets answer, goes on (bad). 2-asks question, listens, sometimes goes away from the list
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micro/macro
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1 tragedy vs. 600,000 in statistics (more effect if you find one person who represents millions)
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nevers in interviewing
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never pay, never give questions in advance (only preview areas), never show the article before publication
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on the record
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everything interviewee says can be used and attributed
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off the record
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nothing can be used, not info, not source-->unless you get it from another person
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on background/ NFA (not for attribution)
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anonymous source-dangerous; agreeing to protect a source, you pledge your word and career
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"to betray a source would be for me to betray myself, my career, and my life-I cannot do it"
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Daniel Schorr
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NFA drawbacks
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your credibility goes down, source has less motivation to tell the truth, can't prove esistence, source may be manipulating you
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justifiable situations to provide anonymity
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if sources safety is at risk, keep and cultvate the source, economic security/threat
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shield laws
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protect press in covering news (either can't be forced to reveal a source or do in certain situations) 2/3 states have, no federal
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Martin Luther King website
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talks about how MLK's vision was a conspiracy, belongs to a branch of the AM. Nazi Party (storm front)-not a reliable source
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Jayson Blair
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former NY times reporter forced to resign in MAy2003 for plagiarizing and fabricating elements of his sotries
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"white guilt made him give JB too many chances"
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Howell Raines, race came into picture. while JB at NYT, won 7 pulitzer prizes
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Dan Rather
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journalist and former news anchor for CBS evening news-->controversy about a disputed news report that aired fradulent info, Killian documents (bush dodged National Guard service)
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Killian scandal...
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aired on 60 minutes 2 (no longer exists because of that)
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plagiarism
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taking someone's written work and passing it as your own
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fabrication
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completely making something up
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"the internet is the greatest source of information in the history of the human race; it is also the greatest source of misinforamation in the history of the human race"
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Ron Bonn
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points to consider when evaluating web resources
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author, accuracy, coverage, currency, objectivity, writing style
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lie... (lie, lay, lain, lying)
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(recline on a bed, etc.) intrasitive verb, no object is needed
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lay... (lay, laid, laid, laying)
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(to put something down) transitive verb, needs an object
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