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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
an/o |
anus
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antr/o |
antrum |
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cec/o |
cecum |
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col/o, colon/o |
colon (large intestine)
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duoden/o |
duodenum |
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enter/o |
intestine (small intestine)
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esophag/o |
esophagus |
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gastr/o |
stomach |
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ile/o |
ileum |
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jejun/o |
jejunum |
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or/o, stomat/o |
mouth |
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proct/o, rect/o |
rectum
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sigmoid/o |
sigmoid colon
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abdomen/o, celi/o, lapar/o |
abdomen, abdominal cavity
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append/o, appendic/o |
appendix |
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cheil/o |
lip
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cholangi/o |
bile duct |
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chol/e |
gall, bile |
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choledoch/o |
common bile duct
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diverticul/o |
diverticulum, or blind pouch, extending from a hollow organ |
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gingiv/o |
gum |
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gloss/o, lingu/o |
tongue
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hepat/o |
liver |
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herni/o |
hernia, or protrusion of an organ through a membrane or cavity wall
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palat/o |
palate |
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pancreat/o |
pancreas |
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peritone/o |
peritoneum |
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polyp/o |
polyp, small growth |
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pylor/o |
pylorus, pyloric sphincter |
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sial/o |
saliva, salivary gland |
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steat/o |
fat |
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uvul/o |
uvula |
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hemi- |
half |
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-pepsia |
digestion |
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adhesion |
abnormal growing together of two peritoneal surfaces that normally are separated ; may occur after abdominal surgery |
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celiac disease |
malabsorption syndrome caused by an immune reaction to gluten, which may damage the lining of the small intestine that is responsible for absorption of food into the bloodstream |
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cirrhosis |
chronic disease of the liver with gradual destruction of cells and formation of scar tissue; commonly caused by alcoholism and certain types of viral hepatitis |
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Crohn disease |
chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract usually affecting the ileum and colon; characterized by cobblestone ulcerations and the formation of scar tissue that may lead to intestinal obstruction |
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gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) |
abnormal backward flow of the gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus, causing heartburn and the gradual breakdown of the mucous barrier of the esophagus |
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hemochromatosis |
iron metabolism disorder that occurs when too much iron is absorbed from food, resulting in excessive deposits of iron in the tissue; can cause heart failure, diabetes, cirrhosis, or cancer of the liver |
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hemorrhoids |
swollen or distended veins in the rectal area, which may be internal or external, and can be a source of rectal bleeding and pain |
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ileus |
non-mechanical obstruction of the intestine, often caused by failure of peristalsis |
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intussusception |
telescoping of a segment of the intestine |
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irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) |
periodic disturbances of bowel function, such as diarrhea and/or constipation, usually associated with abdominal pain |
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obesity |
excess of body fat (not body weight) |
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peptic ulcer |
erosion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum associated with increased secretion of acid from the stomach, bacterial infection, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
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polyp |
tumorlike growth extending outward from a mucous membrane; usually benign; common sites are in the nose, throat, and intestines |
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ulcerative colitis |
inflammation of the colon with the formation of ulcers that produces bloody diarrhea |
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volvulus |
twisting or kinking of the intestine, causing intestinal obstruction |
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abdominoperineal resection (A&P resection) |
removal of the distal colon and rectum through both abdominal and perineal approaches; performed to treat colorectal cancer and inflammatory diseases of the lower large intestine; the patient will have a colostomy |
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anastomosis (pl. anastomoses) |
connection created by surgically joining two structures, such as blood vessels or bowel segments |
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bariatric surgery |
surgical reduction of gastric capacity to treat morbid obesity, a condition which can cause serious illness |
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hemorrhoidectomy |
excision of hemorrhoids, the swollen or distended veins in the rectal region |
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vagotomy |
cutting of certain branched of the vagus nerve, performed with gastric surgery to reduce the amount of gastric acid produced and thus reduce he recurrence of ulcers |
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abdominal sonography |
ultrasound test of the abdominal cavity in which the size and structure or organs such as the aorta, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas can be visualized; may also be used to evaluate the kidneys and the portion of the aorta extending through the abdominal cavity |
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barium enema (BE) |
series of radiographic images taken of the large intestine after the contrast agent barium has been administered |
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endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) |
endoscopic procedure involving radiographic imaging of the biliary ducts and pancreatic ducts with contrast media, and fluoroscopy; used to evaluate and diagnose obstructions, strictures, stone disease, pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer |
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upper GI (gastrointestinal) series |
series of radiographic images taken of the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum after the contrast agent barium has been administered orally |
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endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) |
procedure using an endoscope fitted with and ultra sound probe that provides images of layers of the intestinal wall; used to detect tumors and cystic growths and for staging of malignant tumors |
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fecal occult blood test (FOBT) |
test to detect occult blood in feces; used to screen for colon cancer or polyps |
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helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antibodies test |
blood test to determine the presence of H pylori bacteria; the bacteria can be found in the lining of the stomach and can cause peptic ulcers |
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ascites |
abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
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diarrhea |
frequent discharge of liquid stool |
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dysentery |
disorder that involves inflammation of the intestine associated with diarrhea and abdominal pain |
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emesis |
expelling matter from the stomach through the mouth |
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feces |
waste from the digestive tract expelled through the rectum |
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flatus |
gas in the digestive tract or expelled through the anus |
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gastric lavage |
washing out the stomach |
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gavage |
process of feeding a person through a nasogastric tube |
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hematemesis |
vomiting of blood |
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hematochezia |
passage of bloody feces |
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malabsorption |
impaired digestion or intestinal absorption of nutrients |
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melena |
black, tarry stool that contains digested blood; usually a result of bleeding in the upper GI tract |
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nausea |
urge to vomit |
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palpate |
to examine by hand; to feel |
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peristalsis |
involuntary wavelike contractions that propel food along the digestive tract |
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reflux |
abnormal backward flow; in esophageal reflux, the stomach contents flow back into the esophagus |
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stoma |
surgical opening between an organ and the surface of the body, such as the opening established in the abdominal wall by colostomy, ileostomy, or a similar operation; may also refer to an opening created between body structures or between portions of the intestines |
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vomiting |
expelling matter from the stomach through the mouth |
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A&P resection |
abdominoperineal resection |
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BE |
barium enema |
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EGD |
esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
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ERCP |
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
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EUS |
endoscopic ultrasound |
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FOBT |
fecal occult blood test |
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GERD |
gastroesophageal reflux disease |
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GI |
gastrointestinal |
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H. pylori |
Helicobacter pylori |
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IBS |
irritable bowel syndrome |
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N&V |
nausea and vomiting |
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PEG |
percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy |
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UGI |
upper gastrointestinal |
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UPPP |
uvulopalatopharyngoplasty |