Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Cerebral Palsy
|
weakness, paralysis, poor muscle tone, coordination, normal reflexes appear uninhibited or axaggerated
occurs prior or at birth as a result of brain damage |
|
|
quadraplegia
|
all 4 limbs
|
|
|
paraplegia
|
2 matching limbs (ie legs)
|
|
|
diplegia
|
Right arm, left leg
Left arm, right leg |
|
|
hemiplegia
|
one side
|
|
|
triplegia
|
combo of di-hemiplegia
|
|
|
monoplegia
|
one, usually arm
|
|
|
Spasticity CP
|
lesion to motor cortex= hypertension
muscular contractions and postural deviation voluntary movements most prevalent |
|
|
When lower limbs affected with spasticity CP
|
scissor gait
|
|
|
When upper limbs affected with spasticity CP
|
pronated forearms with flexion at elbows, wrists, and fingers
|
|
|
Anthetosis CP
|
lesion to basal gnaglia
costant involuntary, uncontrolable unpurposeful movement excitement and tension exacerbate movements uncontrolable head and facial movement 2 most common affects head and neck tremors very rhythmic and go away with relaxation |
|
|
Ataxia CP
|
lesion in cerebellum
balance issues and proprioceptor deficits falls and uncoordinated movement poor kinesthetic movement tend to walk unsteady and misjudge distances 3rd prevalent |
|
|
Rigidity CP
|
lesion affecting motor cortex and basal ganglia
diminished stretch reflex, stiffness and hypertension of body parts most severe form |
|
|
Tremor CP
|
lesion affecting cerebellum or basal ganglia
involuntary uncontrolled rhythmic movement |
|
|
Mixed CP
|
when more than one form of CP exists
|
|
|
MR appears with...
|
spastcity and rigidity
|
|
|
TR and CP
|
develop tolerance through fitness and cardio
relaxation and stress management promote bi-lat motor functioning |
|
|
Seizure
|
neurological condition resulting in abn. brain fuction
sudden change in consciousness or behavior characterized by involuntary motor activity can only have one or have them all the time |
|
|
Epilepsy
|
refers to a group of syndrome characteristics characterized by repeated seizures
40 types cause is unknown |
|
|
Partial Seizures
|
start in specific body site
one cerebral hemisphere |
|
|
Simple Partial
|
consiousness not affected
|
|
|
Jacksonian Partial
|
most common, jerky muslce
|
|
|
Complex type
|
Psychomotor
unexplained short term behavior changes they are not aware |
|
|
Generalized Seizures
|
involve all or several parts
both hemispheres simple seizure can progress into this |
|
|
Tonic Cloric Seizure (grand mal)
|
most common gen
preceeded by simple seizure rigid (tonic) then jerky (clonic) movements loss of consciousness then sleep or coma stage |
|
|
Absence (petit mal)
|
brief lapses in conciousness
pause and then continue talking |
|
|
Myclonic
|
violent muslce contractions
|
|
|
Atonic (drop)
|
resmeble absence except the person cannot have posture
|
|
|
What types of things should one consider when working with persons with seizure disorders?
|
stress, hypertension, hyperthermia, increase blood alkalinity, hypoglycemia, fatigue, infection, mestral periods, strobe lights
|
|
|
Seizures and TR
|
psych well being, lifestyle and functioning
no contact sports |
|
|
Medication for Seizure
|
anticonvulsant, dialantin, tegretol and luminal
|
|
|
Side affects from meds
|
reduced coordination
zzz slurred speech irratability dry mouth gum and liver damage with prolonged use |
|
|
Multiple Sclerosis
|
causes deterioration of myelin sheath that covers many nerve fibers in CNS
interupt blood flow to brain depression and mood problems |
|
|
Plaque
|
scar tissue that replaces myelin sheath
|
|
|
Period of exacerbation with MS
|
have periods of remssion and exacerbation, each exacerbation more severe than last
very progressive |
|
|
Risk factors of MS
|
women
teporate climates family history living in midwest immune disorder |
|
|
Patters of Progression in MS
|
4
|
|
|
relapsing remitting
|
unpredictable attacks followed by months to years of no disease activity
deficits during attacks may or may not be permanent 85-90% |
|
|
secondary progressive
|
begin to have neurological decline between attacks
most common worsening cognitive function causes greatest amount of disability |
|
|
primary progressive
|
progressive disease with no remission
decline continues with no clear attack 40-60yo 10% |
|
|
progressive relapsing
|
from absent of their MS, have a steady neurological decline but also sugger superimposed attacks
|
|
|
Things that affect relapse in persons with MS
|
spring/summer
common cold/flu trauma/ injury stress heat |
|
|
TR and MS
|
fucntioning after attack
preventing attack dont overheat with exercise balance endurance flexibility stamina contracture prevention ADL skills cognitive activities adaptive lifestyle changes family involvement introduce adaptive equip |
|
|
Intervention with MS
|
water exercise
community re-entry ROM deep breathing sports social join support groups leisure education |
|
|
Medications for MS
|
betaseron
avoxhex copasone ACTH injections vitamin therapy steroids- corticostroids(prednisone) mild CNS stimulants- caffine, ritalin, dextroamphetimine--reduces fatigue |
|
|
Delivery settings
|
hospital, rehab, residential programs, community programs, skilled nursing facilities, outpatient day treatmet, home health
|
|
|
Brainstem
|
most people with disorders to brainstem, die
swallowing, respiration, HR |
|
|
Cerebrum
|
divided into LR hemi
joined by corpus colosum frontal, temportal, parietal, occipital lobes receive and imput sensory info |
|
|
Right hemi
|
non dominant, creativity, perceptual
|
|
|
Left hemi
|
dominant, language, logic
|
|
|
Frontal lobe
|
motor skills, speech, intellectual, behavioral, personality, temper
|
|
|
Broca's area
|
language
left frontal |
|
|
Occipital
|
receive and process visual information
Right occ- interprets Left occ- visa versa how humans perceive colors and shapes |
|
|
Parietal
|
interprets simultaneously signals received from other areas of the brain
gibing meaning to objects |
|
|
Damage to right parietal
|
vision percetion
|
|
|
Damage to left parietal
|
understanding spoken or written language
|
|
|
Temportal
|
visual memory recognition objects and peoples faces
|
|
|
Damage to L Temo
|
verbal memory and understanding laguage
|
|
|
Damage to rear temporal
|
inability to interpret peoples emotions or actions
|
|
|
Damage to right temporal
|
visual pictures
|
|
|
cerebellum
|
motor coordination
movement is initiated in cerebral cortex but coordinated by cerebellum ipsilateral (one sided) |
|
|
Cerebral problems
|
balance and coordination problems are hallmarks
ataxia- speech |
|
|
CVA
|
interuption of blood flow to the brain
caused by cerebral thrombosis, embolism or heammorhage |
|
|
Occulated Strokes
|
blocked
|
|
|
Cerebral thrombosis
|
blood clot in brain that slowly stops the blood supply to one particular area
60% |
|
|
cerebral embolism
|
bloot clot or fatty material that travels to the brain and interuppts blood supply
60% |
|
|
hemmorhage strokes
|
occur when a blood vessle ruptures and leaks blood into the brain or surrounding areas
damage to brain comes from loss of blood beyond rupture point and from the pressure of the blood |
|
|
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
|
inconplete stroke
looks like a stroke, but will recover within 24 hrs |
|
|
Left CVA Physical
|
right side physical effects
right hemiplegia/hemiparesis decrease swallowing, dysphasia sleep occasional seizures |
|
|
Left CVA Cognitive
|
aphasia
word finding problems reading/writing problems attention diff with LR memory |
|
|
Left CVA Emotional
|
hard time expressing emotion
depression |
|
|
Left CVA Social
|
easily frustrated
|
|
|
Right CVA Physical
|
Left body
decrease or increase in sensation change in vision dysphasia sleeping seizures |
|
|
Right CVA Cognitive
|
time and space problems
perceptual decrease in hand eye coor body image distortion decrease reading comprehension increase confuion in new enviroments poor safety talk alot impatient repitition hallucinations |
|
|
Right CVA Emotional
|
depression
expression denial lack of awareness |
|
|
Right CVA Social
|
uninhibited
lost social grace lots of verbal outbursts |
|
|
Brainstem strokes
|
HR, breating and other fucntions
very specific area of therapy--swallowing no purposeful movement or communication |
|
|
Complications of Strokes
|
2
|
|
|
Neglect
|
usually visual but also can occur with body
things on neglected side are not seen |
|
|
Shoulder problems
|
subluxation/spasiticity-- shoulder drops
always support in all activities Never grab someone at armpits to transfer |
|
|
Meds for CVA
|
...
|
|
|
Beta-blockers
|
decrease HR and BP
side effects-- fatigue |
|
|
Ca Channel Blockers
|
Cardisem, procardia, calan
|
|
|
Diuretics
|
work by getting fluids away
lasix, maxioretic side effects-- muslce craps, headache, sun sensitivity, cry mouth, increase urination, vertigo, decrease K+ |
|
|
Anticoagulants
|
prevent clots and improve cerebral functioning
asprin, coumadin, heparin, persantine side effects-- bruise easily, lost of bleeding with cuts, increase anxiety, weakness, dizziness |
|
|
Anti-platelets
|
decrease platelet adhesiveness
asprin, ticlid side effects- high fatigue, decreased frustration tolerance, GI |
|
|
Areas of change
|
...
|
|
|
Psychosocial
|
loss of control
need help in times of stress changes ability level ways of interacting,socially changed intrests, priority and roles |
|
|
Physical
|
hemiparesis, weakness on a side
Hemiplegia- paralysis weight baring appendages recover faster |
|
|
Cognitive
|
changed ability to indentify errors in thinking
change in arousal and attention ridlin used memory changed ability to demonstrate judgement and safety sequencing |
|
|
ADL's Activities of Daily Living
|
self care
house mangement changed ability and leisure intrests community re-entry prevocational and vocational skills |
|
|
sensorimotor
|
change in ability to perform ROM
muslce tone endurance upper and lower extremities may need to change handedness |
|
|
sensory/perceptual
|
change in tactile
visual or auditory responses visual percetion awareness and motor planning awareness of body position |
|
|
TR and CVA
|
leisure needs unique to indi
needs met in group or indi lots of encouragement adaptations new learning with injured brain language apathy and depression fatigue 1st year of recovery msot important |
|
|
TR and Client/Family Involvement
|
adjust neglect
prevent contractures and spastcity spactial, perceptual and bilat strength |
|
|
Short term goals with CVA
|
exercise, route finding, relaxation,
|
|
|
Long term goals with CVA
|
keep client and family reintegrate into community and social circles
|
|
|
FIM- Fucntional Independace measure
|
scale of 0-7, 7 being the most independent
|
|
|
TBI
|
permanent sudden damage caused by concussion, contusion, or hemmorhage and may result from trauma to the head
leading cause of death under 35 MVA, aneurysms, drup, falls, assults and sports |
|
|
Closed Head injury
|
most
no visual damage but inward in skull dural lining not penetrated primary damage is blunt blow or concussion |
|
|
Open head injury
|
penetrated by foreign object
|
|
|
Secondary Complications of TBI
|
...
|
|
|
Hematoma
|
bleeding occuring anywhere within the skull,extracted to release presssure
|
|
|
menigitis/encephalitis
|
infection can set in
|
|
|
Cerebral edema
|
holes to relieve ICP
|
|
|
Impairments of TBI
|
depends on affected area
impairments compared to CVA, but not as organized |
|
|
Pediatric TBI
|
recover easier leaves more room for swelling
|
|
|
Cognitive and Emotional Recovery with TBI
|
agressive treatment
1st 6 mos critical personality change frustration behavior loose social contacts |
|
|
Rancho Los Amigos
|
I No Response
II Generalized response III Localized response IV Confused-agitated V Confused-inappropriate VI Confused-appropriate VII Automatic-inappropriate VIII Purposeful and appropriate |
|
|
Recommended interventions
|
• I, II, III= sensory stimulation, passive stretching, art, movement to music, cognitive retraining, RO
• IV,V, VI= aquatic therapy, expressive arts, leisure Ed, hort, behavior management, stretching, flexibility, table and board games • VII,VIII- computer,leisure referral, community integration, expressive arts, social skills |
|
|
Glasglow Coma Scale
|
quantifying level of consciousness following traumatic brain injury.
One determines the best eye opening response, the best verbal response, and the best motor response |
|
|
Spinal Cord Injuries
|
...
|
|
|
complete
|
no motor fucntion
s4-5 |
|
|
incomplete
|
sc is not completely severed
so varying amount of control is still used below the injury feeling with no movement spinal cord bruised not always complete recovery |
|
|
severence of above T2
|
quadraplegia
|
|
|
severance above T2
|
paraplegia
|
|
|
vetebral breakdown
|
cervical- C1-8, control repiration
Thoracic- T1-12, upper body Lumbar- L1-5, lower body Saccrum- S1-4, bowel, bladder, sexual functions |
|
|
Tumors
|
pts looks like they had SCI, TBI, CVA, but had tumor
malignent or benign surgically remove them most of the time the whole tumor does not come over chemo, radiation |
|
|
Craniotomy
|
surgical procedure to remove bone flap of the skull to access the brain
implant electrode alot like TBI after craniotomy |
|
|
Parkionson's
|
slow progressive neurological condition characterized by muscle rigidity
|
|
|
Bradykinesia
|
unique resting temor that starts at one extremity then spreading to the other extremities or the opposite side in a to and fro movement and instability
|
|
|
problems associated with parkinsons
|
speech swallow
depression muscle rigigity cognition/dememtia order |
|
|
Treament for Parkinson's
|
exercise
cognition challenges adaptations comm re-entry |
|
|
Medications for Parkinson's
|
levodopa, bromocriptine, pergolicle, cogentin, sinement, carbidopa
--drugs are used to lessen muscle rigidity, balance problems, tremors, |
|
|
Guillian's Berre
|
transient neuromuscular disease that affect young and adults with no known cause
can happen in 1-3 weeks progression can happen so fast that you end up on repirator flaccide paralysis and denervation atrophy |
|
|
treatment for GB
|
dpends on degree of paralysis
muscle promoting activities orthodics sensory stimulation |
|
|
medical options for GB
|
plasmaparesis- cleaning blood
IVIG- intraveneous immunoglobulin hormone no cure, may return |
|
|
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
|
progressive neurodegenerative disease
eventually leads to death voluntary muscles affected rapid progression die within 1/10 years legs decrease in use fine motor stays in tact breathing becomes labored speech is slow and thick swallow issues |
