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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alkane -> halogenoalkane |
Free radicals substitution Cl2 UV light |
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Halogenoalkane -> amine |
Nucleophillic substitution Warm excess ethanolic ammonia |
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Halogenoalkane -> nitrile |
Nucleophillic substitution Warm ethanolic potassium cyanide |
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Nitrile -> primary amine |
Reduction LiAlH4, dilute H2SO4 Dry ether (non aqueous) |
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Halogenoalkane -> alcohol |
Nucleophillic sub Warm NaOH dissolved in water Reflux |
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Halogenoalkane -> alkene |
Elimination KOH dissolved in ethanol Warm reflux |
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Alcohol -> alkene |
Elimination / dehydration Conc sulfuric acid |
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Alkene -> alcohol |
Electrophillic addition Water Cold conc sulfuric acid |
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Primary Alcohol -> aldehyde Aldehyde -> carboxilic acid
Secondary alcohol -> ketone |
Acidified Potassium dichromate Sulfuric acid Heat under reflux |
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Aldehyde/ketone -> alcohol |
Nucleophillic addition/ reduction NaBH4 dissolved in water with methanol |
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Aldehyde/ketone -> hyrdroxynitirle |
Nucleophillic addition Acidified KCN Sulfuric acid |
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Carboxylic acid -> ester |
Esterfication Heat under fedlux and Conc sulfuric acid Alcohol |
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Ester -> carboxylic acid |
Acid hydrolysis - dilute Sulfuric acid and water - heat under reflux
Base hydrolysis - dilute NaOH - heat under reflux |
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Acyl chloride / acid anhydride -> carboxylic acid -> Ester -> primary amide -> N sub amide |
Nucleophillic addition-elimination Water Alcohol Ammonia Amine
Acyl chloride makes HCL Acid anhydride makes carboxylic acid as product |
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Benzene -> nitro benzene |
Electrophillic substitution Conc H2SO4 Conc HNO3 Below 55 degrees |
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Nitro benzene -> aromatic amine |
Reduction Tin meta and conc HCL Then NaOH heat under reflux |
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Remember aromatic amine can act as nucleophillic and attack acyl chlorides to make N-phenyl(Ethan)amuse |
B |
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Benzene -> phenylketone |
Electrophillic sub Friedal crafts acylation Acyl chloride and AlCl3 Heat under reflux Dry ether (non aqueous) |
