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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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describe the basic structure of the virion, including whether or not the nucleocapsid
Measles |
enveloped virion with single stranded negative-sense RNA
The nucleocapsid contains viral polymerase |
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paramyxoviridae
1. Entry via ___. |
paramyxoviridae 1. Entry via fusion. |
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How is measles transmitted and what populations are most at risk for infection? |
Transmitted by respiratory droplets produced during coughing and sneezing that occurs during the prodrome and for the first 2 – 5 days of the rash.
Highest risk = unvaccinated school children |
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Where does primary replication of measles take place?
How does measles spread to secondary targets? |
Virus infects cells lining the upper respiratory tract, enters the lymphatic system and then the bloodstream |
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Prodrome of measles? |
high fever, conjunctivitis (photophobia), runny nose (coryza), and coughing; period of high transmissibility |
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What occurs during infection after the prodrome?
What sign is diagnostic of measles? |
Maculopapular rash (rubeola) appears a few days later, first on the face, below the ears, then proceeds gradually towards the lower extremities, rarely including palms and soles; may become confluent; turns brownish several days later
Koplik's spots appear on the buccal mucosal and are diagnostic of measles (but not all patients exhibit them = Bright red lesions with a white central dot; last ~ 24-48 hours. |
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Complications of Measles? |
Pneumonia Post-infectious encephalitis Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) = neruological disease thats almost always fatal |
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Measles in pregnant woman associated with increased risk of _____ |
Measles in pregnant woman associated with increased risk of stillbirth; measles in fetus can cause death.
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Koplik's spots? |
Show up before the rash appear on the buccal mucosal = Bright red lesions with a white central dot; last ~ 24-48 hours. |
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Measels:
1. Virus is cleared primarily by the ___, but ____ plays a role in limiting viremia.
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Measels:
1. Virus is cleared primarily by the CMI response, but antibody plays a role in limiting viremia. |
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Vaccine for measles? Who should get it? Who SHOULDNT get it? |
Live, attenuated vaccine
Administered as part of MMR vaccine to all children at 15 months of age in the U.S.; booster recommended later at 4-6 years; and later for people at-risk.
Should not be given to children < 15 months old, pregnant women or immunocompromised. |
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describe the basic structure of the virion, including whether or not the nucleocapsid
Mumps |
Structure and replication similar to measles virus:
enveloped virion with single stranded negative-sense RNA The nucleocapsid contains viral polymerase |
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Mumps replication
1. Entry via ___. |
Same as measles
1. Entry via fusion. |
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How is mumps transmitted and what populations are most at risk for infection? |
Transmitted by respiratory droplets and direct person-to-person contact.
risk for people in crowded places |
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Where does primary replication of mumps take place?
How and where does mumps spread to secondary targets? |
Virus infects cells lining the upper respiratory tract
enters the bloodstream and spreads to parotid glands (most common), testes, ovaries, pancreas, and CNS. |
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Mumps prodrome |
Often asymptomatic but the prodrome is characterized by:
fever, malaise, and anorexia, followed by tender swelling of parotid glands; may be uni- or bilateral, but usually bilateral. Onset of symptoms is sudden. |
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Other glands may swell a few days after initial symptoms with mumps:
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1. Swelling from mumps orchitis may cause sterility in post-pubertal males when it occurs bilaterally.
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Can you get mumps more than once? Is there immunity after having mumps? |
Mumps only occurs once, regardless of unilateral or bilateral parotid gland involvement!
Lifelong immunity is generated after infection and recovery.
Maternal antibody protects infants during 1st 6 months. |
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The mumps virus is cleared primarily by the _____, which is also responsible for causing some of the symptoms; _____ may help limit viremia, but not cell-to-cell spread. |
The mumps virus is cleared primarily by the CMI response, which is also responsible for causing some of the symptoms; antibody may help limit viremia, but not cell-to-cell spread. |
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Vaccine for mumps? Who should get it? Who SHOULDNT get it? |
Live, attenuated vaccine
Administered as part of MMR vaccine to all children at 15 months of age in the U.S.; booster recommended later at 4-6 years; and later for people at-risk.
Should not be given to pregnant women or immunocompromised. |
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What kinda of virus is Rubella? |
Member of the Togaviridae family |
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describe the basic structure of the virion, including whether or not the nucleocapsid
Rubella |
Enveloped with icosohedral nucleocapsid with single-stranded postive-sense RNA
No viral polymerase |
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Togavirus replication: 1. Binds cell receptor; enters via _______ 6. Viral proteins synthesized. |
Togavirus replication: 1. Binds cell receptor; enters via clathrin-coated pits. 6. Viral proteins synthesized. |
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How is rubella transmitted and what populations are most at risk for infection? |
Transmitted by respiratory droplets and transplacentally.
Virus is shed during prodrome and after onset of rash. |
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Where does primary replication of rubella take place?
How does rubella spread to secondary targets? |
Replication in nasopharynx and local lymph nodes, then primary viremia & spread to secondary sites (organs and skin) |
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Mild rash in rubella appears to be caused by |
antigen-antibody immune complexes.
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Virus is cleared primarily by the ____, but ______ plays a role in limiting viremia.
Lifelong immunity ?
Maternal antibody ? |
Virus is cleared primarily by the CMI response, but antibody plays a role in limiting viremia.
Lifelong immunity is generated after infection and recovery.
Maternal antibody protects infants during 1st 6 months |
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Rubella Prodrome characterized by ?
Prodrome followed by ? |
Rubella Prodrome characterized by fever and malaise.
Prodrome followed by maculopapular rash starting on face and progressing toward the extremities; lymphadenopathy also occurs. Rash lasts about 3 days. |
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In general, rubella is a benign disease in children; milder than measles.
In adults, infection can cause more severe symptoms, including |
arthralgia and arthritis (immune complex-mediated). |
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Congenital Rubella Syndrome |
Rubella virus infection of a nonimmune pregnant woman during the 1st trimester can result in serious congenital malformations, involving primarily the heart, eyes, and brain (deafness, mental retardation). |
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True or false, the rubella virus can be isolated easily and produces CPE |
False: Virus is difficult to isolate and does not produce significant CPE. |
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How are pts rubella status determined? Testing in pregnancy? |
Rubella virus-specific IgM for current or recent infection. At least 4-fold rise in titer of rubella virus-specific antibody in acute and convalescent sera.
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Vaccine for rubella? Who should get it? Who SHOULDNT get it? |
Live, attenuated vaccine
Administered as part of MMR vaccine to all children at 15 months of age in the U.S.; booster recommended later at 4-6 years; and later for people at-risk.
Should not be given to pregnant women or immunocompromised. |
