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139 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a physical injury or wound caused by external force or violence to the kidney?
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Renal trauma
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What is the most common injury of the urinary system?
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Renal trauma
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Renal trauma from blunt injuries account for what percent of pt.'s in urban hospitals?
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80%
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What are the physical findings in renal trauma?
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CVA trauma
Possible ecchymosis Extravasation of urine |
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What are the classification scales for renal injuries?
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Grades 1-5
I, II are minor III, VI, V are major. |
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What are 2 possible DDX for renal trauma?
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Paraspinal muscle spasm
Muscle contusion |
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What complications can develop from renal trauma?
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Shock, Abcess formation, Hypotension
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What signs and symptoms are readily apparent in penile fracture?
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Avulsion, Crushing type injuries, and penetrating type wounds
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Elevation of a testicle is a physical finding in what?
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Testicular torsion
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What is a DDX for scrotal trauma/ testicular pain?
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Urolithiasis, Epididymitis
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What is a physical injury or wound caused by external forces or violence to the bladder?
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Bladder trauma
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What is inflammation of a testis due to trauma or infection.
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Orchitis
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In dealing w/ Breast Mass Assessment, what is the goal of your diagnostic approach?
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Determine the nature of the mass and r/o cancer
Conduct a complete hx, ROS, work up, and exam |
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What is a malignant neoplasm of the breast?
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Breast carcinoma
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Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in women in what age group?
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15 to 54
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What is the most common cause of death in women age 55 to 74?
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Breast cancer(carcinoma)
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What physical findings will you see in the early stage of breast carcinomas?
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Single, non-tender, firm mass, w/ ill-defined margins
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What are physical findings that you will see in the late stage of breast carcinomas?
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Ulcerations
Supraclavicular LAD Edema of the arm Bone, lung, liver, brain, or other distant metastases |
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What is the most common pre-menopausal disorder in women age 30 to 50?
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Mammary dysplasia (fibrocystic change)
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What disorder that has a familial tendency that will usually abate after menopause?
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Mammary dysplasia (fibrocystic change)
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A common benign neoplasm of glandular epithelium is defined as?
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Breast Fibroadenoma
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What disorder occurs in young women, within 20 yrs of puberty?
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Breast Fibroadenoma
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The flowing away of secretion from the vaginal canal is defined as?
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Vaginal discharge
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What is the goal of your approach in the dx's of a pt w/ vaginal discharge?
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Determine the cause of the discharge
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What are the possible cause of non-infectious vaginal discharge?
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Allergic
Fungal 2nd to abx Hormonal |
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What is inflammation of the vagina, due to a fungal infection?
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Vaginal Candidiasis
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What is a term that encompasses a broad range of clinical entities, involving an infection of the urinary tract by microorganisms?
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Urinary tract infection (UTI)
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What is the most common bacterium isolated in a UTI?
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Escheria Coli
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E. coli accounts for what percentage of all cases of an UTI
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80%
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What is a DDX of A UTI?
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Cystitis
PID Etopic pregnancy |
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What is the TX for a UTI
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Cipro 250 BID x 7d
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Whats is an inflammation of the bladder?
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Cystitis
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What is the result of an ascending UTI, most commonly caused by E. coli, and its sx's follow sexual activity?
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Cystitis
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Cystitis following sexual intercourse can also be termed what?
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Honeymoon cystitis
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What are physical findings of cystitis?
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Dysuria
Suprapubic PX |
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What are possible DDX for cystitis?
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Etopic pregnancy
Prostatitis |
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What is the TX for cystitis?
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Cipro 250 BID x3d
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What are the most common infectious agents in sexually active pt.'s with epididymitis
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Neisseria Gonorrhea
Chlamydia trachomatis |
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What are physical findings of epididymitis?
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Hematospermia
Fever Painful enlargement of epididymis Urinary frequency and urgency Dysuria |
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What is inflammation of the prostate?
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Prostatitis
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What causes prostatitis
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Gram neg rods, E. coli
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What is the 2nd most common cause of vaginal infections?
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Vaginal candidiasis
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What are the physical findings of vaginal candidiasis?
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Vulvar pruritus
Erythema and excoriation Intense burning D/c, curdish white "cottage cheese" |
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What is the tx for vaginal candidiasis?
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Diflucan 150mg PO single dose (avoid in pregnant chicks)
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Cyst commonly formed in chronic inflammation of a mucous gland on each side of the lateral wall of the vaginal opening is defined as?
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Bartholin's cyst
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What is the operational tx of a Bartholin's cyst?
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Typical regimen is Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM, Doxycycline 100 mg 1Tab PO BID x 10 days
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What is an inflammation of the breast, in the 42 days following childbirth, where generative organs return to normal?
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Puerperal mastitis
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What is the tx for puerperal mastitis?
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Diclox 500 mg PO Q6 x 7days
If abscess forms, I&D required Regular emptying of breast (nursing and manual expression) Consult with a M.O. prior to I&D |
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An inflammation of the vagina, secondary to bacterial infection is defined as?
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Bacterial vaginitis (BV)
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What is the most common vaginal infection?
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Bacterial vaginitis (BV)
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What is present in 50% of all BV cases?
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Gardnerella vaginalis
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What is the principal method of transmission in BV?
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Sexual contact (BV not considered an STD)
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What is an expected finding in the wet mount of a pt. w/ BV?
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Expect clue cells
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What is the tx for BV?
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Metronidazole 500 mg PO BID x 7 days
Clindamycin cream x 7days (in cases of pregnancy) All cases of BV in pregnancy, must be treated to prevent delivery complications |
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What is known as pediculosis, a parasite infestation of the ksin, scalp, trunk, or pubic areas?
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Lice
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What is the most contagious STD known?
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Lice
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What is an extremely common inflammation of the renal pelvis secondary to an infectious agent?
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Pyelonephritis
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What are complications of pyelonephritis?
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Sepsis with shock
Scarring of parenchyma Abscess |
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What is a post-streptococcal infection, which is a result of hemopathic transmission?
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Glomerulonephritis
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What is the most common causative agent in glomerulonephritis?
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Group A Beta Hemolytic Streptococci (GABHS)
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What is expected result in a UA of a pt. with glomerulonephritis?
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Urine will be cola colored
contain proteinuria and red blood cell cast. |
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What labs are ordered in the operational setting in a pt. with suspected glomerulonephritis?
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UA
24h UA CBC STD work up |
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What is an inflammation of testis due to trauma or infection?
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Orchitis
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What is the most contagious STD known, that has > 90% chance of infection from one sexual exposure w/ an infected partner?
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Lice
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What is an infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and adjacent pelvic structures that is not associated w/ pregnancy or surgery?
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Pelvic Inflammatory Dz (PID)
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What is the most common cause of infertility and ectopic pregnancy?
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Pelvic Inflammatory Dz (PID)
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What is the % of tubal infertility in the first case of PID?
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8%
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What is the % of tubal infertility in the second case of PID?
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20%
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What is the % of tubal infertility in the third case of PID?
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40%
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What is an inflammation of vulva and vagina caused by trichomonas?
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Trichomonas
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What disease is present in up to 75% of prostitues?
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Trichomonas
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Trichomonas is present in up to what % of women in Gyn clinics?
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15%
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The etiology of this disease is a single-cell parasite acquired through sexual contact?
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Trichomonas
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A cervical petchia "strawberry cervix" is a physical finding of what Dz?
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Trichomonas
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What is the tx of Trichomonas?
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Metronidazole 2g PO single dose (treat partner also)
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A urethritis, cervicitis, or salpingitis bacterial infection transmitted by sexual contact is defined as?
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Neisseria Gonorrhea
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A common worldwide dz, that affects an estimated 3 milion new cases annually is known as?
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Neisseria Gonorrhea
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What is the tx for Neisseria Gonorrhea?
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Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM single dose
Doxy 100 mg PO BID x 10 days |
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What is caused by Calymmatobacterium granulomatis?
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Granuloma inguinale
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How is Granuloma inguinale spread?
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Sexual contact
Chronic nonsexual contact (beating your monkey) |
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What are the physical findings of granuloma inguinale?
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Indurated painless node that erodes becomes an ulcer with a beefy red appearence
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What is the incubation period for granuloma inguinale?
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8 days to 12 weeks
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What is the term for urethritis inflammation caused by organisms other than N. gonorrhea?
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Non-gonococcal urethritis
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What affects men in high socioeconomic groups, heterosexual males more than homos, and occurs in 50% of pt.'s seen in STD clinics?
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Non-gonococcal urethritis
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What is a viral disease, creating wart like growths?
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Condyloma acuminata
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Condyloma acuminata is prevalent among what age range?
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16-25 (young adults)
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What is the most common STD in the US?
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Lymphogranuloma venereum
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What percent of gonococcal infections have a concomitant chamydial infection?
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45%
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What are the complications of Neisseria Gonorrhea?
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PID
Disseminated gonococcal infection |
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What is the causative agent of syphilis?
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Treponema Pallidum
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What is a complex spirochet infection dz?
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Syphilis
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What is the predominant age of treponema pallidum (syphillis)?
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20 to 35
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What is the annual estimated new cases of syphillis in the U.S.?
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90,000 new cases
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What are the physical findings in the primary phase of syphilis?
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Single painless lesion to genitals appearing 3 weeks after exposure.
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What are the four different categories of syphillis?
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Primary syphilis
Secondary syphilis Early latent syphilis Late latent syphilis |
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What is a viral infection caused by two double strained DNA viruses (HSV 1&2)?
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Herpes Simplex
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What % of adults are sero-positive for HSV-1?
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More than 85%
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What % of adults are positive for HSV-2?
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25%
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A highly infectious non-syphilitic venereal ulcer is defined as?
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Chancroid
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What dz has a higher incident rate in men than women, w/ higher rate in uncircumcised men in tropical/subtropical regions?
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Chancroid (incident rate unknown)
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The causative agent of this dz is Haemophilus ducreyi, a gram negative bacillus?
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Chancroid
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What are the physical findings of chancroid?
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1-3 extremely painful ulcers
Accompanied by tender unilateral inguinal LAD May develop inguinal bubo |
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What is a physical finding of chancroid that can be seen in women?
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Lesion is an inflammatory pustule or papule which ruptures leaving a shallow non indurated ulcer
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What is a contraindication in the tx of penile trauma (what must you not use)?
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Lido w/ epi
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In the tx of scrotal trauma/testicular px, what is indicated if torsion is found?
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Perform manual reduction "open book" method
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What is a complication of scrotal trauma/testicular px?
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Sterility
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When you are treating a pt. for shock in bladder trauma, what must you not attempt to do?
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Attempt to catheterize (foley)
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In a pt. w/ a UTI, women are 50% more likely to develop a UTI by what age?
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20
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What are physical findings of a UTI?
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Urinary frequency and urgency
Dysuria Suprapubic px Gross or microscopic hematuria |
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This disease is predominantly seen in women and is most commonly caused by E. Coli. It is usually the result of an ascending urinary infection?
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Cystitis
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Hematospermia, Dysuria, Fever, and Painful enlargement of epididymis are physical findings of what disease?
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Epididymitis
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What are the physical findings of Prostatitis?
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Termination trickling
Perineal or suprapubic px Straining to void Decreased force of stream |
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This is an extremely common dz in which women have an incident of infection and the predominant age of infection is during sexually active yrs?
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Pyelonephritis
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This disease is caused by a gram negative bacilli such as E. Coli in 95% of the cases?
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Pyelonephritis
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What is the tx for Pyelonephritis?
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Ciprofloxacin 750mg BID x 21 days
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Orchitis can be the result of which diseases?
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Gonorrhea
Metastatic infection (mumps) Syphilis TB |
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At the present rate, what ratio of women will develop breast cancer?
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1 of 9 women
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Abnormal hyperplasia of ductal epithelium and dilation of mammary ducts, is the etiology of what dz?
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Fibrocystic change
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What is the causative factor of Fybrocystic change? (rare in postmenopausal women)
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Estrogen hormone
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A round, firm, discrete movable, non-tender mass that is typically 1 to 5 cm in diameter are physical findings of which dz?
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Breast Fibroadenoma
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In vaginal candidiasis, what percentage of women will have one episode during child bearing yrs?
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75%
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In vaginal candidiasis, what percentage of women will have two episodes/attacks during child bearing yrs?
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50%
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What is usually the causative agent of Puerperal Mastitis?
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Staphylococcus aureus
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What is a complication of Lice?
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Secondary bacterial infection
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What is the tx of lice?
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Permethrin 1% cream
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Abnormal vaginal d/c, Dyspareunia, Dysuria, and Lower abd px are physical findings of what dz?
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PID
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What is the clinical tx of PID?
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Ofloxacin 400 mg PO BID x 14 days, plus Metronidazole 500 mg PO BID x 14 days
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What is a complication of PID?
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Ectopic pregnancy
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Cervical petechiae "strawberry cervix" and a profuse, yellow malodorous vaginal d/c are physical findings of what?
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Trichomonas
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A single painless lesion to the genitals that appears 3 weeks after exposure is seen in what dz? In what category?
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Syphilis: Primary
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What symptoms will you see in the "Early latent syphilis" stage of syphilis?
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No physical sx's
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Nodular ulcerative lesions (gummas), to the skin, mucous membranes, skeleton, and viscera are seen in which category of syphilis?
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Late latent syphilis
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What is the incubation period of Herpes Simplex?
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3 to 7 days
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Consitutional sx's, px, burning, itching and tingling prior to onset of initial lesions will be seen in which dz and which episode?
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Herpes Simplex, 1st Episode
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What is the tx for chancroid?
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Azithromycin 1 g PO single dose, or Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM single dose
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What is the clinical tx of condyloma acuminata?
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Cryotherapy
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Mucopurulent d/c, edema and erythema, dysuria, and bilateral inguinal LAD, leading to bubo formation are physical findings of which dz?
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Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)
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What is the tx for Granuloma Inguinale?
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Tetracycline 500 mg PO QID for 3-5 weeks
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What are the physical findings of the acute phase of a pt. w/ HIV?
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Flu like sx's
Fever Sore throat Minority of pt's. present w/ meningitis, Bell's palsy, and peripheral neuropathy |
