Mcw Pathology Notes Block One

Front 1

List Five Cellular Adaptations

Back 1

1. Hypertrophy
2. Hyperplasia
3. Atropy
4. Metaplasia
5. Regeneration

Front 2

List Three Categories of Cells with Examples

Back 2

1. Labile Cells (Bone Marrow, Epithelia)
2. Stable Cells (Hepatocytes, fibroblasts, endothelium)
3. Permanent cells (Neurons, Myocytes)

Front 3

List some differences between Hyperplastic and Hypertrophic tissue

Back 3

Hyperplastic = more cells, labile and stable cells
Hypertrophic = larger cells, permanent cells

Front 4

How is Atrophy different from Hypoplasia?

Back 4

ATROPHY refers to decrease in size of an organ due to reduction in the number of cells.

HYPOPLASIA refers to under or incomplete development of an organ

Front 5

Causes of Atrophy

Back 5

Disuse, Ischemia, Insufficient Nutrition, Loss of endocrine stimulation, Pressure, Persistent cell injury, Aging, Denervation

Front 6

Define Metaplasia

Back 6

Differentiated cell type replaced w/ another diff. cell type. Adaptive process to chronic inflammation or persistant cell injury. Benign and reversible with increased risk of cancer.

Front 7

List two types of Metaplasia

Back 7

Epithelial and Mesenchymal

Front 8

What is Barrett Esophagus?

Back 8

Esophageal tissue replaced with intestinal type with goblet cells

Front 9

What is Necrosis?

Back 9

spectrum of morpholic changes that FOLLOW cell death

Front 10

What are three nuclear changes that follow Necrosis?

Back 10

PYKNOSIS (shrinking of nuclei)
KARYORRHEXIS (frag of nuclear membrane and components)
KARYOLYSIS (dissolution of nuclei in cells)

Front 11

What is a cytoplasmic change that can be seen with Necrosis (histologically)?

Back 11

Eosinophila

Front 12

List the six kinds of necrosis

Back 12

1. Coagulative
2. Liquefactive
3. Caseous
4. Gangrenous
5. Fat
6. Fibrinoid

Front 13

Describe Coagulative Necrosis

Back 13

Results from hypoxic or anoxic injury, Persistence of dead cells with intact outlines but loss of cellular detail, area termed INFARCT

Front 14

Describe Liquefactive Necrosis

Back 14

Complete digestion of the dead cells, Commonly seen with BACTERIAL INFECTIONS, Necrotic cells w/ inflam cells form PUS

Front 15

What kind of Necrosis is asst with bacterial infections and pus?

Back 15

Liquefactive Necrosis

Front 16

With what kind of necrosis do you see persistence of dead cells with intact outlines but loss of cellular detail?

Back 16

Coagulative Necrosis

Front 17

What kind of necrosis is asst with TB?

Back 17

Caseous Necrosis

Front 18

Describe Caseous Necrosis

Back 18

Char of TB infection, WHITE CHEESE, fragmented and coagulated cell with loss of tissue architecture

Front 19

What is a granuloma (in terms of pathology)?

Back 19

an organized collection of macrophages

Front 20

What necrosis is used to describe ischemic coagulative necrosis of the extremities?

Back 20

Gangrenous Necrosis

Front 21

What kind of necrosis is typically seen in the pancreas in acute pancreatitis?

Back 21

Fat Necrosis

Front 22

Fat Necrosis can be mistaken for what?

Back 22

Breast Cancer - due to trauma to fatty tissue with release of lipases and TAGs

Front 23

What kind of necrosis is asst with vasculitis syndromes?

Back 23

Fibroid Necrosis

Front 24

Describe Fibroid Necrosis

Back 24

Deposition of immune complexes in the vascular wall, antibodies complex with fibrin

Front 25

When does cell injury b/co irr?

Back 25

Exact pt unknown, Char by irrev mito dysfcn, Profound disturbances of membrane fcn