Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
189 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What was Semmelweis' contribution to his field? |
Instituted hand washing procedures at birthing center to reduce incidences of puerperal fever |
|
|
What was Ehrlich's contribution to his field? |
developed chemicals to fight pathogens (trypanosomes and treponema pallidum) |
|
|
What was Redi's contribution to his field? |
Used corked and screened jars to provide evidence against spontaneous generation |
|
|
What was Snow's contribution to his field? |
mapped cholera outbreaks in London to find broad street pump to be cause; father of epidemiology |
|
|
What was Pasteur's contribution to his field? |
Used swan necked flasks to perform experiments into spontaneous generation and fermentation |
|
|
What was Leeuwenhoek's contribution to his field? |
Made his own microscopes to view and describe algae, protozoans and bacteria for the first time |
|
|
What was Jenner's contribution to his field? |
Inoculated small boy with cowpox then exposed him to smallpox to show that the boy was immune to small box |
|
|
Eukaryotic; have cell wall; obtain food from other organism |
fungi |
|
|
Eukaryotic; have cell wall; photosynthetic; unicellular and multicellular |
algae |
|
|
eukaryotic; unicellular; most free living in water; similar to animals in structure and needs |
Protozoan |
|
|
prokaryotic; have peptidoglycan based wall |
bacteria |
|
|
What is the shape and attachment of streptococcus? |
round bacteria arranged into chains |
|
|
What is the shape and arrangement of staphylococcus? |
round bacteria arranged into clusters |
|
|
What is the shape of spirillum? |
stiff spirals |
|
|
What is the shape and arrangement of streptobacillus? |
rod bacteria arranged into chains |
|
|
What is the shape and arrangement of diplobacillus? |
rob bacteria arranged in pairs |
|
|
What is the shape of vibrio? |
slightly curved rods |
|
|
List 3 method of asexual reproduction used by bacteria |
binary fission, snapping division, and reproductive structure formation |
|
|
What is an endospore? Name the two genera that can make them. |
endospores are a defensive strategy against hostile or unfavorable conditions. Produced by gram positive bacillus and clostridium |
|
|
What is an endospore? Name the two genera that can make them. |
endospores are a defensive strategy against hostile or unfavorable conditions. Produced by gram positive bacillus and clostridium |
|
|
What is a nucleus? |
command center of eukaryotic cells that contain genetic material |
|
|
What is an endospore? Name the two genera that can make them. |
endospores are a defensive strategy against hostile or unfavorable conditions. Produced by gram positive bacillus and clostridium |
|
|
What is a nucleus? |
command center of eukaryotic cells that contain genetic material |
|
|
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? |
internal membrane where lipid synthesis occurs |
|
|
What is an endospore? Name the two genera that can make them. |
endospores are a defensive strategy against hostile or unfavorable conditions. Produced by gram positive bacillus and clostridium |
|
|
What is a nucleus? |
command center of eukaryotic cells that contain genetic material |
|
|
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? |
internal membrane where lipid synthesis occurs |
|
|
what is a nucleoid? |
dense region where circular chromosomes are found in prokaryotes |
|
|
What is an endospore? Name the two genera that can make them. |
endospores are a defensive strategy against hostile or unfavorable conditions. Produced by gram positive bacillus and clostridium |
|
|
What is a nucleus? |
command center of eukaryotic cells that contain genetic material |
|
|
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? |
internal membrane where lipid synthesis occurs |
|
|
what is a nucleoid? |
dense region where circular chromosomes are found in prokaryotes |
|
|
What is a mitochondria? |
site of cellular respiration in eukaryotes and where most ATP is made |
|
|
What is an endospore? Name the two genera that can make them. |
endospores are a defensive strategy against hostile or unfavorable conditions. Produced by gram positive bacillus and clostridium |
|
|
What is a nucleus? |
command center of eukaryotic cells that contain genetic material |
|
|
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? |
internal membrane where lipid synthesis occurs |
|
|
what is a nucleoid? |
dense region where circular chromosomes are found in prokaryotes |
|
|
What is a mitochondria? |
site of cellular respiration in eukaryotes and where most ATP is made |
|
|
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum? |
system of flat internal membranes covered with ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis |
|
|
What is an endospore? Name the two genera that can make them. |
endospores are a defensive strategy against hostile or unfavorable conditions. Produced by gram positive bacillus and clostridium |
|
|
What is a nucleus? |
command center of eukaryotic cells that contain genetic material |
|
|
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? |
internal membrane where lipid synthesis occurs |
|
|
what is a nucleoid? |
dense region where circular chromosomes are found in prokaryotes |
|
|
What is a mitochondria? |
site of cellular respiration in eukaryotes and where most ATP is made |
|
|
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum? |
system of flat internal membranes covered with ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis |
|
|
what is a ribosome? |
small macro molecular complex composed of protein and RNA that makes proteins |
|
|
What is an endospore? Name the two genera that can make them. |
endospores are a defensive strategy against hostile or unfavorable conditions. Produced by gram positive bacillus and clostridium |
|
|
What is a nucleus? |
command center of eukaryotic cells that contain genetic material |
|
|
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? |
internal membrane where lipid synthesis occurs |
|
|
what is a nucleoid? |
dense region where circular chromosomes are found in prokaryotes |
|
|
What is a mitochondria? |
site of cellular respiration in eukaryotes and where most ATP is made |
|
|
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum? |
system of flat internal membranes covered with ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis |
|
|
what is a ribosome? |
small macro molecular complex composed of protein and RNA that makes proteins |
|
|
what is a cell wall? what does it consist of? |
rigid structure that maintains shape of cells; consists of peptidoglycan, cellulose or chitin) |
|
|
What is an endospore? Name the two genera that can make them. |
endospores are a defensive strategy against hostile or unfavorable conditions. Produced by gram positive bacillus and clostridium |
|
|
What is a nucleus? |
command center of eukaryotic cells that contain genetic material |
|
|
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? |
internal membrane where lipid synthesis occurs |
|
|
what is a nucleoid? |
dense region where circular chromosomes are found in prokaryotes |
|
|
What is a mitochondria? |
site of cellular respiration in eukaryotes and where most ATP is made |
|
|
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum? |
system of flat internal membranes covered with ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis |
|
|
what is a ribosome? |
small macro molecular complex composed of protein and RNA that makes proteins |
|
|
what is a cell wall? what does it consist of? |
rigid structure that maintains shape of cells; consists of peptidoglycan, cellulose or chitin) |
|
|
what is a golgi complex? |
organelle that packages lipids and proteins into vesicles for transport out of cell |
|
|
What is an endospore? Name the two genera that can make them. |
endospores are a defensive strategy against hostile or unfavorable conditions. Produced by gram positive bacillus and clostridium |
|
|
What is a nucleus? |
command center of eukaryotic cells that contain genetic material |
|
|
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? |
internal membrane where lipid synthesis occurs |
|
|
what is a nucleoid? |
dense region where circular chromosomes are found in prokaryotes |
|
|
What is a mitochondria? |
site of cellular respiration in eukaryotes and where most ATP is made |
|
|
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum? |
system of flat internal membranes covered with ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis |
|
|
what is a ribosome? |
small macro molecular complex composed of protein and RNA that makes proteins |
|
|
what is a cell wall? what does it consist of? |
rigid structure that maintains shape of cells; consists of peptidoglycan, cellulose or chitin) |
|
|
what is a golgi complex? |
organelle that packages lipids and proteins into vesicles for transport out of cell |
|
|
what is a plasma membrane? |
phospholipid bilayer that regulates the entry of substances into the cell |
|
|
What is an endospore? Name the two genera that can make them. |
endospores are a defensive strategy against hostile or unfavorable conditions. Produced by gram positive bacillus and clostridium |
|
|
what is a lysosome? |
organelle that contains enzymes to digest food and damaged cell parts |
|
|
What is a nucleus? |
command center of eukaryotic cells that contain genetic material |
|
|
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? |
internal membrane where lipid synthesis occurs |
|
|
what is a nucleoid? |
dense region where circular chromosomes are found in prokaryotes |
|
|
What is a mitochondria? |
site of cellular respiration in eukaryotes and where most ATP is made |
|
|
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum? |
system of flat internal membranes covered with ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis |
|
|
what is a ribosome? |
small macro molecular complex composed of protein and RNA that makes proteins |
|
|
what is a cell wall? what does it consist of? |
rigid structure that maintains shape of cells; consists of peptidoglycan, cellulose or chitin) |
|
|
what is a golgi complex? |
organelle that packages lipids and proteins into vesicles for transport out of cell |
|
|
what is a plasma membrane? |
phospholipid bilayer that regulates the entry of substances into the cell |
|
|
What is an endospore? Name the two genera that can make them. |
endospores are a defensive strategy against hostile or unfavorable conditions. Produced by gram positive bacillus and clostridium |
|
|
what is a lysosome? |
organelle that contains enzymes to digest food and damaged cell parts |
|
|
What are the two forms of glycocalyx found in bacteria and what is the function of each? |
capsule; prevents bacteria from. ring recognized and phagocytosed by host slim layer; sticky layer that allows prokaryotes to stick to surfaces |
|
|
What is a nucleus? |
command center of eukaryotic cells that contain genetic material |
|
|
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? |
internal membrane where lipid synthesis occurs |
|
|
what is a nucleoid? |
dense region where circular chromosomes are found in prokaryotes |
|
|
What is a mitochondria? |
site of cellular respiration in eukaryotes and where most ATP is made |
|
|
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum? |
system of flat internal membranes covered with ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis |
|
|
what is a ribosome? |
small macro molecular complex composed of protein and RNA that makes proteins |
|
|
what is a cell wall? what does it consist of? |
rigid structure that maintains shape of cells; consists of peptidoglycan, cellulose or chitin) |
|
|
what is a golgi complex? |
organelle that packages lipids and proteins into vesicles for transport out of cell |
|
|
what is a plasma membrane? |
phospholipid bilayer that regulates the entry of substances into the cell |
|
|
What is an endospore? Name the two genera that can make them. |
endospores are a defensive strategy against hostile or unfavorable conditions. Produced by gram positive bacillus and clostridium |
|
|
what is a lysosome? |
organelle that contains enzymes to digest food and damaged cell parts |
|
|
What are the two forms of glycocalyx found in bacteria and what is the function of each? |
capsule; prevents bacteria from. ring recognized and phagocytosed by host slim layer; sticky layer that allows prokaryotes to stick to surfaces |
|
|
A gram positive cell wall is characterized by what? |
think peptidoglycan later, teichoic acid, lipoteichoic acid, and a purple color after gram stain |
|
|
What is a nucleus? |
command center of eukaryotic cells that contain genetic material |
|
|
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? |
internal membrane where lipid synthesis occurs |
|
|
what is a nucleoid? |
dense region where circular chromosomes are found in prokaryotes |
|
|
What is a mitochondria? |
site of cellular respiration in eukaryotes and where most ATP is made |
|
|
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum? |
system of flat internal membranes covered with ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis |
|
|
what is a ribosome? |
small macro molecular complex composed of protein and RNA that makes proteins |
|
|
what is a cell wall? what does it consist of? |
rigid structure that maintains shape of cells; consists of peptidoglycan, cellulose or chitin) |
|
|
what is a golgi complex? |
organelle that packages lipids and proteins into vesicles for transport out of cell |
|
|
what is a plasma membrane? |
phospholipid bilayer that regulates the entry of substances into the cell |
|
|
What is an endospore? Name the two genera that can make them. |
endospores are a defensive strategy against hostile or unfavorable conditions. Produced by gram positive bacillus and clostridium |
|
|
what is a lysosome? |
organelle that contains enzymes to digest food and damaged cell parts |
|
|
What are the two forms of glycocalyx found in bacteria and what is the function of each? |
capsule; prevents bacteria from. ring recognized and phagocytosed by host slim layer; sticky layer that allows prokaryotes to stick to surfaces |
|
|
A gram positive cell wall is characterized by what? |
think peptidoglycan later, teichoic acid, lipoteichoic acid, and a purple color after gram stain |
|
|
A gram negative cell wall in characterized by what? |
thin peptidoglycan layer, outer membrane, LPS, and periplasmic space |
|
|
What is a nucleus? |
command center of eukaryotic cells that contain genetic material |
|
|
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? |
internal membrane where lipid synthesis occurs |
|
|
what is a nucleoid? |
dense region where circular chromosomes are found in prokaryotes |
|
|
What is a mitochondria? |
site of cellular respiration in eukaryotes and where most ATP is made |
|
|
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum? |
system of flat internal membranes covered with ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis |
|
|
what is a ribosome? |
small macro molecular complex composed of protein and RNA that makes proteins |
|
|
what is a cell wall? what does it consist of? |
rigid structure that maintains shape of cells; consists of peptidoglycan, cellulose or chitin) |
|
|
what is a golgi complex? |
organelle that packages lipids and proteins into vesicles for transport out of cell |
|
|
what is a plasma membrane? |
phospholipid bilayer that regulates the entry of substances into the cell |
|
|
what are the four arrangements of bacterial flagella? describe them |
monotrichous- one flagellum lophotrichous- small bunches arising from one end amphitrichous- flagella at both ends peritichous- dispersed around surface |
|
|
what are the four arrangements of bacterial flagella? describe them |
monotrichous- one flagellum lophotrichous- small bunches arising from one end amphitrichous- flagella at both ends peritichous- dispersed around surface |
|
|
The location on an enzyme where the substrate binds is called an |
active site |
|
|
what are the four arrangements of bacterial flagella? describe them |
monotrichous- one flagellum lophotrichous- small bunches arising from one end amphitrichous- flagella at both ends peritichous- dispersed around surface |
|
|
The location on an enzyme where the substrate binds is called an |
active site |
|
|
What are inorganic ions called that bind to an enzyme and are necessary for enzyme function? |
cofactors |
|
|
what are the four arrangements of bacterial flagella? describe them |
monotrichous- one flagellum lophotrichous- small bunches arising from one end amphitrichous- flagella at both ends peritichous- dispersed around surface |
|
|
The location on an enzyme where the substrate binds is called an |
active site |
|
|
What are inorganic ions called that bind to an enzyme and are necessary for enzyme function? |
cofactors |
|
|
The protein portion of a holoenzyme is called the |
apoenzyme |
|
|
what are the four arrangements of bacterial flagella? describe them |
monotrichous- one flagellum lophotrichous- small bunches arising from one end amphitrichous- flagella at both ends peritichous- dispersed around surface |
|
|
The location on an enzyme where the substrate binds is called an |
active site |
|
|
What are inorganic ions called that bind to an enzyme and are necessary for enzyme function? |
cofactors |
|
|
The protein portion of a holoenzyme is called the |
apoenzyme |
|
|
A molecule that binds to a site other than the active site and reduces enzyme function is called |
allosteric inhibitor |
|
|
what are the four arrangements of bacterial flagella? describe them |
monotrichous- one flagellum lophotrichous- small bunches arising from one end amphitrichous- flagella at both ends peritichous- dispersed around surface |
|
|
The location on an enzyme where the substrate binds is called an |
active site |
|
|
What are inorganic ions called that bind to an enzyme and are necessary for enzyme function? |
cofactors |
|
|
The protein portion of a holoenzyme is called the |
apoenzyme |
|
|
A molecule that binds to a site other than the active site and reduces enzyme function is called |
allosteric inhibitor |
|
|
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the |
activation energy |
|
|
what are the four arrangements of bacterial flagella? describe them |
monotrichous- one flagellum lophotrichous- small bunches arising from one end amphitrichous- flagella at both ends peritichous- dispersed around surface |
|
|
The location on an enzyme where the substrate binds is called an |
active site |
|
|
What are inorganic ions called that bind to an enzyme and are necessary for enzyme function? |
cofactors |
|
|
The protein portion of a holoenzyme is called the |
apoenzyme |
|
|
A molecule that binds to a site other than the active site and reduces enzyme function is called |
allosteric inhibitor |
|
|
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the |
activation energy |
|
|
What are the three steps that are involved in oxidation phosphorylation? |
step 1: electron transport step 2: proton pumping step 3: ATP synthesis |
|
|
what are the four arrangements of bacterial flagella? describe them |
monotrichous- one flagellum lophotrichous- small bunches arising from one end amphitrichous- flagella at both ends peritichous- dispersed around surface |
|
|
The location on an enzyme where the substrate binds is called an |
active site |
|
|
What are inorganic ions called that bind to an enzyme and are necessary for enzyme function? |
cofactors |
|
|
The protein portion of a holoenzyme is called the |
apoenzyme |
|
|
A molecule that binds to a site other than the active site and reduces enzyme function is called |
allosteric inhibitor |
|
|
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the |
activation energy |
|
|
What are the three steps that are involved in oxidation phosphorylation? |
step 1: electron transport step 2: proton pumping step 3: ATP synthesis |
|
|
what are the reactants and products of glycolysis? |
reactant: glucose products: pyruvate avid + atp + nadh |
|
|
what are the four arrangements of bacterial flagella? describe them |
monotrichous- one flagellum lophotrichous- small bunches arising from one end amphitrichous- flagella at both ends peritichous- dispersed around surface |
|
|
The location on an enzyme where the substrate binds is called an |
active site |
|
|
What are inorganic ions called that bind to an enzyme and are necessary for enzyme function? |
cofactors |
|
|
The protein portion of a holoenzyme is called the |
apoenzyme |
|
|
A molecule that binds to a site other than the active site and reduces enzyme function is called |
allosteric inhibitor |
|
|
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the |
activation energy |
|
|
What are the three steps that are involved in oxidation phosphorylation? |
step 1: electron transport step 2: proton pumping step 3: ATP synthesis |
|
|
what are the reactants and products of glycolysis? |
reactant: glucose products: pyruvate avid + atp + nadh |
|
|
what is the reactant and products of synthesis of acetyl coA? |
reactant: pyruvate acid products: acetyl coA + co2 + nadh |
|
|
what are the four arrangements of bacterial flagella? describe them |
monotrichous- one flagellum lophotrichous- small bunches arising from one end amphitrichous- flagella at both ends peritichous- dispersed around surface |
|
|
The location on an enzyme where the substrate binds is called an |
active site |
|
|
What are inorganic ions called that bind to an enzyme and are necessary for enzyme function? |
cofactors |
|
|
The protein portion of a holoenzyme is called the |
apoenzyme |
|
|
A molecule that binds to a site other than the active site and reduces enzyme function is called |
allosteric inhibitor |
|
|
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the |
activation energy |
|
|
What are the three steps that are involved in oxidation phosphorylation? |
step 1: electron transport step 2: proton pumping step 3: ATP synthesis |
|
|
what are the reactants and products of glycolysis? |
reactant: glucose products: pyruvate avid + atp + nadh |
|
|
what is the reactant and products of synthesis of acetyl coA? |
reactant: pyruvate acid products: acetyl coA + co2 + nadh |
|
|
what is the reactant and products of the krebs cycle? |
reactant: acetyl coA products: atp + fadh2 + nadh + co2 |
|
|
what are the four arrangements of bacterial flagella? describe them |
monotrichous- one flagellum lophotrichous- small bunches arising from one end amphitrichous- flagella at both ends peritichous- dispersed around surface |
|
|
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain? |
oxygen |
|
|
The location on an enzyme where the substrate binds is called an |
active site |
|
|
What are inorganic ions called that bind to an enzyme and are necessary for enzyme function? |
cofactors |
|
|
The protein portion of a holoenzyme is called the |
apoenzyme |
|
|
A molecule that binds to a site other than the active site and reduces enzyme function is called |
allosteric inhibitor |
|
|
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the |
activation energy |
|
|
What are the three steps that are involved in oxidation phosphorylation? |
step 1: electron transport step 2: proton pumping step 3: ATP synthesis |
|
|
what are the reactants and products of glycolysis? |
reactant: glucose products: pyruvate avid + atp + nadh |
|
|
what is the reactant and products of synthesis of acetyl coA? |
reactant: pyruvate acid products: acetyl coA + co2 + nadh |
|
|
what is the reactant and products of the krebs cycle? |
reactant: acetyl coA products: atp + fadh2 + nadh + co2 |
