Maternal Child Nursing Care Chapter 8

Front 1

Union of a single egg and sperm. It marks the beginning of a pregnancy

Back 1

Conception

Front 2

Male and female germ cell

Back 2

gametes

Front 3

The male germ cell is a

Back 3

sperm

Front 4

The female germ cell is an

Back 4

ovum (egg)

Front 5

The process by which gametes are formed and mature.

Back 5

gametogenesis

Front 6

the process by which male gametes form and mature

Back 6

spermatogenesis

Front 7

The process by which female gametes form and mature.

Back 7

oogenesis

Front 8

Process of penetration of the membrane surrounding the ovum by a sperm

Back 8

Fertilization

Front 9

Fertilization takes place in the ______ of the uterine tube.

Back 9

ampulla

Front 10

The membrane becomes impenetrable to other sperm, a process termed____.

Back 10

zone reaction

Front 11

The ______number of chromosomes is restored when this union of sperm and ovum occurs

Back 11

diploid (46)

Front 12

The first cell of new individual.

Back 12

Zygote

Front 13

Within 3 days the zygote becomes a 16-cell solid ball of cells called

Back 13

morula

Front 14

The developing structure of the morula becomes known as _______ when a cavity becomes recognizable within it.

Back 14

blastocyst

Front 15

The outer layer of cells surrounding the morula cavity

Back 15

trophoblast

Front 16

Attachment process whereby the blastocyst burrows into the _____.

Back 16

Implantation:endometrium

Front 17

_____ or Finger like projections develop out of the ______ and extend into the blood filled spaced of the uterine lining. The uterine is now called the ______.

Back 17

chronic villi: trophoblast: decidua

Front 18

The portion of the lining directly under the blastocyst is called the _____ and the portion of this lining that covers the blastocyst is called the ____.

Back 18

decidua basalis: decidua capsularis

Front 19

The term that refers to the developing baby from day 15 until about 8 weeks after conception.

Back 19

Embryo

Front 20

The term that refers to the developing baby from 9 weeks of gestation to the end of pregnancy

Back 20

Fetus

Front 21

Membrane that surrounds the developing baby and the fluid.

Back 21

Amniotic membranes

Front 22

The _______is the outer layer of the amniotic membranes and becomes the covering of the fetal side of the placenta. The _____ is the inner layer.

Back 22

chorion: amnion

Front 23

Fluid that surrounds the developing baby in utero.

Back 23

Amnionic fluid

Front 24

Structure that connects the developing baby to the placenta.

Back 24

Umbilical cord

Front 25

The umbilical cord contains 3 vessels, namely 2 _____ and 1______.

Back 25

arteries: veins

Front 26

_____ is the connective tissue that prevents compression if the blood vessels to ensure continued nourishment of the developing baby.

Back 26

Wharton's Jelly

Front 27

______ is the structure composed of 15-20 lobes called________.

Back 27

Placenta: cotyledons

Front 28

The placenta produces ________ essential to maintain the pregnancy, supplies the ________ and _________ needed by the developing baby for survival and growth, and removes _______ and ______.

Back 28

hormones: oxygen: nutrients: wastes: carbon dioxide

Front 29

Capability of fetus to survive outside the uterus.

Back 29

Viability

Front 30

Surface active phospholipid that needs to be present in fetal/newborn lungs to facilitate breathing after birth.

Back 30

Pulmonary surfactants

Front 31

A ________ ratio can be preformed using amniotic fluid as one means of determining the degree to which the pulmonary surfactants phospholipids is present in fetal lungs

Back 31

lecithin-sphingomyelin

Front 32

Special circulatory pathway that allows fetal blood to bypass the lungs

Back 32

Ductus arteriosus

Front 33

Shunt that allows most of fetal blood to bypass the liver and pass into the inferior vena cava.

Back 33

Ductus venosus

Front 34

Opening between the fetal atria

Back 34

Foramen ovale

Front 35

Formation of blood

Back 35

Hematopoiesis

Front 36

Maternal perception of fetal movement that occurs sometime between ____ and ______ weeks of gestation.

Back 36

Quickening: 16: 20

Front 37

Dark green to black tarry substance that contains fetal waste products. It accumulates in the fetal intestines.

Back 37

Meconium

Front 38

Twins that are formed from 1 fertilized ovum that then divides. They are also called _________ twins.

Back 38

Dizygotic: fraternal

Front 39

Twins that are formed from one fertilized ovum that then divides. They are also called _______ twins.

Back 39

Monozygotic: identical

Front 40

The hereditary material carried in the nucleus of each somatic (body) cell; it determines an individual's physical characteristics.

Back 40

DNA

Front 41

A ________ ratio can be preformed using amniotic fluid as one means of determining the degree to which the pulmonary surfactants phospholipids is present in fetal lungs

Back 41

lecithin-sphingomyelin

Front 42

Special circulatory pathway that allows fetal blood to bypass the lungs

Back 42

Ductus arteriosus

Front 43

Shunt that allows most of fetal blood to bypass the liver and pass into the inferior vena cava.

Back 43

Ductus venosus

Front 44

Opening between the fetal atria

Back 44

Foramen ovale

Front 45

Formation of blood

Back 45

Hematopoiesis

Front 46

Maternal perception of fetal movement that occurs sometime between ____ and ______ weeks of gestation.

Back 46

Quickening: 16: 20

Front 47

Dark green to black tarry substance that contains fetal waste products. It accumulates in the fetal intestines.

Back 47

Meconium

Front 48

Twins that are formed from 1 fertilized ovum that then divides. They are also called _________ twins.

Back 48

Dizygotic: fraternal

Front 49

Twins that are formed from one fertilized ovum that then divides. They are also called _______ twins.

Back 49

Monozygotic: identical

Front 50

The hereditary material carried in the nucleus of each somatic (body) cell; it determines an individual's physical characteristics.

Back 50

DNA

Front 51

The process by which germ cells divide; producing gametes that each contain 23 chromosomes.

Back 51

Meiosis

Front 52

Failure of a pair of chromosomes to separate

Back 52

Nondisjunction

Front 53

Small segments of DNA

Back 53

Gene

Front 54

Abnormality in chromosome number; the numeric deviation is not an exact multiple of the haploid number of chromosomes

Back 54

Aneuploidy

Front 55

Cells that contain half of the genetic material of a normal somatic cell

Back 55

Haploid

Front 56

Union of a normal gamete with a gamete containing an extra chromosome resulting in a cell with 47 chromosomes.

Back 56

Trisomy

Front 57

X, Y

Back 57

sex chromosomes

Front 58

Genes at corresponding loci on homologous chromosomes that code for different forms or variations of the same trait.

Back 58

Alleles

Front 59

Process whereby body (somatic) cells replicate to yield two cells with the same genetic makeup as the parent cell

Back 59

Mitosis

Front 60

Term that denotes the correct number of chromosomes

Back 60

Euploidy

Front 61

The copy of the genetic material in humans

Back 61

human genome

Front 62

Process by which genetic material is transferred from one chromosome to another different chromosome

Back 62

translocation

Front 63

Threadlike strands formed of DNA

Back 63

chromosome

Front 64

Abnormality in chromosome number in which the deviation is an exact multiple of the haploid number of chromosomes

Back 64

Polyploidy

Front 65

Somatic cell containing the full number of 46 chromosomes

Back 65

Diploid

Front 66

Union of a normal gamete with a gamete missing a chromosome, resulting in a cell with only 45 chromosomes

Back 66

Monosomy

Front 67

A spontaneous and permanent change in normal gene structure

Back 67

Mutation

Front 68

A mixture of cells, some with the normal number of chromosomes and others either missing a chromosome or containing an extra chromosome.

Back 68

Mosaicism

Front 69

Environmental substance or exposure that results in functional or structural disability of the embryo/fetus

Back 69

Teratogen

Front 70

Analysis of human DNA, ribonucleic acid (RNA), chromosomes, or proteins to detect abnormalities related to an inherited condition

Back 70

Genetic testing

Front 71

Direct examination of the DNA and RNA that make up a gene.

Back 71

direct or molecular testing

Front 72

Examination of markers that are coinherited with a gene that causes a genetic condition

Back 72

linkage analysis

Front 73

Examination of the protein products of genes

Back 73

biochemical testing

Front 74

Examination of chromosomes

Back 74

Cytogenetic testing

Front 75

Type of genetic testing that is used to clarify the genetic status of asymptomatic family members. This type of testing includes______ testing to detect a disorder that is certain to appear if the defective gene is present and the individual lives long enough and _______testing to detect susceptibility to a disorder if the defective gene is present.

Back 75

Predictive testing: presymptomatic; predispositional

Front 76

Test used to identify individuals who have a gene mutation for a genetic condition but do not show symptoms of the condition because it is a condition that is inherited in an autosomal recessive form.

Back 76

Carrier screening

Front 77

Use of genetic information to individualize drug therapy.

Back 77

pharmacogenomics

Front 78

Therapy used to correct defective genes that are responsible for disease development; the most common technique is to insert a normal gene in a location within the genome to replace a gene that is nonfunctional

Back 78

Gene therapy (transfer)

Front 79

Matched chromosomes

Back 79

Homologous

Front 80

Term that denotes an individual with 2 copies of the same allele for a given trait If the 2 alleles are different, the person is said to be _______for the trait.

Back 80

Homozygous: heterozygous

Front 81

The genetic makeup of an individual; an individual's entire genetic makeup or all the genes that the person can pass on to future generations

Back 81

Genotype

Front 82

Observable expression of an individual's genetic makeup

Back 82

Phenotype

Front 83

Pictorial analysis of the number, form, and size of an individual's chromosomes.

Back 83

Karyotype

Front 84

Pattern of inheritance in which a single gene controls a particular trait, disorder, or defect.

Back 84

Unifactorial

Front 85

Genetic disorder in which only 1 copy of a variant allele is needed for phenotype expression

Back 85

Autosomal dominance

Front 86

Genetic disorder in which both genes if a pair must be abnormal for the disorder to be expressed.

Back 86

Autosomal recessive

Front 87

Disorder reflecting absent or defective enzymes leading to abnormal metabolism.

Back 87

Inborn error of metabolism

Front 88

Pattern of inheritance involving a combination of genetic and environmental factors

Back 88

Multifactoril