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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does a communications policy do? |
1. Ensures that the media is serving the interest of society, not just it's followers 2. Encompasses individual and collective rights and responsibility |
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How are communications policies established? |
By both international and national regulatory bodies. |
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Who asked the question what is communication for? |
Royal commissions task force. |
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What is the rationale for market intervention? |
1. Markets tend not to recognize the longevity of cultural products. 2. Infant industries often need support until they can develop their own markets. 3. Cultural products deserve to be produced even if they can't be sustained by the market 4.there are wide varieties of public tastes, risks taken in developing a product, and resource investements. |
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What is market intervention? |
When the state intervenes in the communication sphere. |
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Who are the developers of communication policies in Canada? |
The CRTC (Canada Radio-Television an Telecommunications Commission)
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How are communications policies in Canada developed? |
Through public hearings, task forces, and parliamentary committees. |
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What is the purpose of national communications security? |
Protect national security, prevent the circulation of illegal materials , protect financial data. |
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How did communications policies start? |
global contact between people through trade, and exploration. |
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What are three examples of early international communications agreements? |
1. General Postal Union, 1874 2.International Telegraph Convention, 1865 3.Berlin Radio Convention, 1906 |
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What is the General Postal Union of 1874? |
It introduced basic norms that are still upheld today which include the freedom of postal transport within countries belonging to the union, and the standardization of charges collected by each country for mail service between members |
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What is the international telegraph convention? |
Adopted Morse code as its first international standard, and agreed to protect the secrecy of telegraph correspondence , to respect the right of all to use international telegraphy, and t reject the liability for telegraph service providers. |
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What prompted the notion of intellectual property? |
The printing press |
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What was the first international agreement? |
The berne convention (1886) |
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What was the Berne convention? |
Granted protection to foreign published works. |
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What is the Right to Communicate? |
A movement that started in the 1960s, where advocates felt that the rights to freedom of expressions did not cover all elements of modern communication |
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What is the universal declaration of human rights? |
The first global statement outlining the basic elements of non-negotiable human rights and the foundation for international human rights law. |
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What are the challenges of public policy formation in Canada? |
Diversity: Francophone, Anglophone, Natives, Minority groups Proximity to the US Wanting to allow access to international media |
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What is the Aird Commission of 1929 |
Represents a moment in communications policy history because it was the first public consultation of its kind and resulted in the recommendation that a national and publicly owned broadcasting network be introduced into a field that had been up until then been dominated by local and privately owned radio stations. |
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What was the impact of the Aird Commission |
Established the first publicly owned national broadcasting network the CRBC Radio Telegraph Acto developed recommendations for a federal broadcasting policy Promoted national unity |
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What is the Radio-Telegraph Act? |
the first regulatory communications authority, under the department of Marine and Fisheries |
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What was the Massey - Levesque Commission? |
A study of the cultural field in Canada, including museums, libraries, historical sites...etc. |
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What were the six areas that commissioners called to report on in the Massey Levesque commission? |
1. Operation and development of agencies 2. Relations with UNESCO 3.Relations between government and national voluntary associations 4.Methods to spread knowledge of Canada abroad 5. Measures to preserve historical monuments 6. principles upon which Canada should be based in the fields of radio and television broadcasting |
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Impacts of Massey Levesque Convention |
Expanded the role of the government in the public sphere. Culture's roles in supplementing and supporting federal ministries as an element or national defense. building of national identity. |
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What is the Fowler commission? |
The recommendation that the subject of television broadcasting be reconsidered by an independant investigating body within three years of the beginning of television broadcasting in Canada. |
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What was the Applebaum - hebert comittee |
picks up where the fowler commission, and the massey - levesque convention left off, howeve it's concerned with producer independance from state control |
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What are the groups that are served by the media? |
media owners: Corporations, governments, individuals, and community groups Audiences: Active participants in the mediascape Advertisers: Sell goods and services, create brand identities Media Workers: Can have both direct and indirect roles in the industry |
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What are four categories of resources? |
Labour Capital Technology Media resources |
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What are characteristics of the Canadian Market? |
Relatively affluent, and technologically sophisticated small audience, and French language concerns |
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What are some desires in the Canadian market? |
To have access to the world media market To have influence and input in the world market through artists To create distinctly Canadian media works |
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What is the myth of Meritocracy |
the media marketplace is a free one, where works of cultural value will find an audience |
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What is economism? |
Cultural production as a commercial enterprise |
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What are market externalities? |
Economic costs and benefits that are not accounted for by the immediate transaction between buyer and seller - value of cultural works to society |
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What are some limitations of market economies? |
Inability to recognize longevity of cultural products Failure to support infant industries Failure to recognize full benefits of cultural works, outside of immediate market value |
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What is the Canadian Broadcasting Act? |
Enacts content regulations for public broadcasters |
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What is the Income tax act? |
Restricts ownership of Canadian media companies to Canadian majority |
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What is the means of production? |
The process by which we satisfy our material needs. |
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What is Horizontal ownership? |
A number of companies in the same business occupying different markets |
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What is vertical integration? |
The concentration of companies in the same business to cover the entire process of production. |
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What is Conglomerate ownership? |
The ownership of a number of unrelated firms by a single company. |
