Mansure Exam 2 - Music History

Front 1

Boethius

Back 1

Antiquity/Early Medieval, c. 500, Italian, described 3 kinds of music: mundana, humana, instrumentalis.

Front 2

Pope Gregory I

Back 2

Antiquity/Early Medieval, c. 600, Standardized chant use, supported writing chant down, Rome, established schools for musicians, Gregorian chant.

Front 3

plainchant

Back 3

Monophonic liturgical music without strict meter.

Front 4

Gregorian chant

Back 4

Named for Pope Gregory I, same as plainchant, which is monophonic liturgical music without strict meter.

Front 5

Mass

Back 5

Primary service of the day, could be Sunday or other days, from "Ita missa est", contains Proper and Ordinary.

Front 6

Proper

Back 6

Text of the mass that changes to match the liturgical year.

Front 7

Ordinary

Back 7

Sung every day, includes:
Kyrie
Gloria
Credo
Sanctus
Agnus Dei

Front 8

Requiem Mass

Back 8

Mass for the dead.

Front 9

Divine Offices/office services

Back 9

Short services that occurred eight times a day. In the course of a week of these, all 150 psalms would be sung.

Front 10

Neume

Back 10

One or more notes sung "left to right"

Front 11

C & F clefs

Back 11

Indicates C or F line, movable.

Front 12

ij and iij

Back 12

Repeat what was just sung once or twice.

Front 13

Syllabic

Back 13

Mostly one not per syllable

Front 14

Neumatic

Back 14

A few notes per syllable

Front 15

Melismatic

Back 15

Many notes per syllable

Front 16

Psalm tones

Back 16

Recitation melodies used for singing the complete offices, usually Vespers.

Front 17

Tenor

Back 17

Reciting tone of a psalm tone; repeating pitch.

Front 18

Trope

Back 18

An addition, textural or musical, to standard chants.

Front 19

Hildegard of Bingen

Back 19

Most noted for sacred drama; 1100 Also known for prophetic visions.

Front 20

Guido d'Arezzo

Back 20

Created a system of sight-singing, "in the hand,"

Front 21

Authentic Modes

Back 21

Modes which had finals of d, e, f, and g extending from the final to an octave above it, sometimes to a note below final.

Front 22

Perotin

Back 22

Substitute Clausulas, organum quadruplum. Ars Antiqua; 1150

Front 23

Franco d'Cologne

Back 23

Created a system of rhythmic notation; known for motets. French. 13th century. 1250

Front 24

Plagal Modes

Back 24

Modes which had finals of d, e, f, and g which extend from a fourth below to a fifth above.

Front 25

Petrus de Cruce

Back 25

Wrote divisions of four notes per beat, dots indicated beat. 1260

Front 26

Adam de la Halle

Back 26

Famous trouvair, all secular music. 1270

Front 27

Final

Back 27

Last note of a modal plainchant.

Front 28

Range

Back 28

Distance between lowest and highest notes in a modal plainchant.

Front 29

Hexachord

Back 29

Based on c, f, and g, first 6 notes based on Ut Quaent Laxis. Solomozation syllables.

Front 30

Mutation

Back 30

The transition from one hexachord to another.

Front 31

Parallel Organum

Back 31

9th century; voices

Front 32

Mixed Paralell Organum

Back 32

10th century; begins and ends in unison, repeated pitch on bottom

Front 33

Free Organum

Back 33

11th century

Front 34

Melismatic Organum

Back 34

12th century

Front 35

Clausulas

Back 35

Ancestor to motet.

Front 36

Mixed Paralell and Oblique Organum

Back 36

10th begins and ends in unison, repeated pitch on bottom

Front 37

Beatrix, comtessa de Dia

Back 37

The most well known of the trobairitz. Noble woman who wrote many songs.

Front 38

Minnesanger

Back 38

The german equivalent of the troubadours and troubairitz. Flourished mid-12th and early 13th centuries

Front 39

Duplum

Back 39

Second voice from bottom

Front 40

Triplum

Back 40

The third voice or the second above tenor

Front 41

Duplum, Triplum, and Quadruplum when combined with organum describe ________________.

Back 41

the total number of voices in the organum.

Front 42

Constantine

Back 42

(c. 300) The roman emperor, converted to Christianity and made it the official religion of the empire. Was born in the Balkans.

Front 43

The reason most early music we study is religious is because ___________________________.

Back 43

Most of the literate people were within the Catholic Church.

Front 44

Doctrine of Ethos

Back 44

A Greek theory that explained the moral qualities and effect of music. Basically stated that you will become like the music you listen to.

Front 45

Charlemagne

Back 45

(c. 800) Holy Roman Emperor. Decreased diversity of music in the catholic church by sending out books of repertoire across Europe.

Front 46

c. 850-c.900

Back 46

the irst significant body of extant noted music. i.e. chant

Front 47

c. 650- c. 900

Back 47

there was significant diversity of musical styles throughout the catholic church.

Front 48

Introit

Back 48

First Section: Neumatic some short melismas
Psalm Verse: syllabic: a single verse on a psalm tone with many repeated notes.
Form: A-Ps-A-GP-A
Medium range with Latin text.

Front 49

Kyrie

Back 49

Has mostly conjunct motion with some disjunct. Note pitch areas of A and D. Follows the form of AAA BBB CCC. Greek text.

Front 50

Gradual

Back 50

One of the most melismatic. Contains two main sections. Centered around mode 5.

Front 51

Alleluia

Back 51

One of the most melismatic. The cantor usually sings the "Alleluia" to which the choir usually responds.

Front 52

Sequence

Back 52

An example of a particular type of trope.

Originally written as an extensive melisma for the very end of Alleluia.