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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Krukenberg Tumor?
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Secondary malignancy of the ovary from the G.I. Tract and or breast
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Ovarian Tumors that come from Malignancy typically come from what organs in the body?
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Bowel
Breast Endometrium Lymphatic System Melanoma Lymphoma |
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Name a Metastatic Ovarian Tumor.
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Krukenberg Tumor
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Primary Ovarian Tumors are most likely to metastasize to what organs?
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Intestines,
Breast, Thyroid, Lymphatics |
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What are some characteristics of Krukenberg Tumor?
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Bilateral,
Tumors come from breast, stomach, Colon, GB, & Pancreas, GI tract Tumors contain mucin-producing “signet ring” cells |
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Signet Ring cells are in what Tumor?
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Krukenberg Tumor
(a metastatic Ovarian disease) |
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What does Secondary CANCER mean?
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It started in one organ and spread to the other.
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What are 2 malignant Ovarian Tumors?
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Endometroid & Clear Cell Ovarian Cancer.
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A highly malignant Ovarian Tumor.
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Endometroid
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What Neoplasm is Hypoechoic w/out enhancement?
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Stromal Cell CA
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20-30% of patients will also have endometrial Cancer.
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Endometroid Ovarian Cancer
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What is a cystic mass with numerous papillary projections?
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Endometroid Ov CA
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What are the 3 types of Stromal Cell Ovarian Cancers?
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Granulosa Cell Tumor,
Sertoli-Leydig Tumor, Thecoma |
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What is a solid malignant Ovarian tumor associated with Endometriosis?
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Clear Cell Ovarian Cancer
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What are the 5 types of Ovarian Carcinoma's?
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Epithelial Cell,
Germ Cell CA, Stromal Cell CA, Endometroid Ovarian Tumor Clear Cell Ovarian Tumor |
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This condition is caused by a rupture or leakage of a tumor usually located btwn diaphram and liver:
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Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
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What is a serum marker for Ovarian Cancer?
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CA-125, a blood test for Ovarian Cancer.
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If have Chromosome #17 what is % you will get Ovarian CA?
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.5%
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What factors determine prognosis of Ovarian CA?
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Silent during early stages,
The more complex and solid, the more malignant it is, Poor prognosis with late diagnosis, Peak incidence is 55-59 y.o., 60-70% Ascites will be seen, Omental Cake is often seen when there's a leak in tumor. |
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What is another name for Omental Cake?
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Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
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What test can be elevated in benign conditions such as endometriosis, PID, degenerating fibroids?
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CA-125
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What gives a false positive in 80% of epithelial cell tumors and 50% of other tumors?
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CA-125
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What are the 2 types of Epithelial Cell Ovarian Cancers?
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Serous Cystadeno CA,
Mucinous CystAdeno CA |
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What type of Ovarian cancer occurs in 20's and 30's?
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Germ Cell Ovarian CA including all 3 types: Dysgerminoma, Malignant Teratoma, & Yolk Sac Tumors
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Which Ovarian cancer is diagnosed histologically?
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Epithelial Cell CA
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What is the least common Ovarian Cancer?
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Germ Cell Ovarian CA
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What are risk factors for developing Ovarian Cancer?
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Family History,
Ovulatory Activity Chromosomal link, Environmental factors, Talcum Powder |
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What are the 3 types of Germ Cell Ovarian Cancers?
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Dysgerminoma,
Malignant Teratoma, Yolk Sac Tumor |
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What is the most common type of Ovarian Cancer?
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Epithelial Cell Ovarian Cancer
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Which type of Ovarian CA has nodularity, Calcifications, & Septations as it advances?
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Epithelial cell Ov CA
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Which malignant Neoplasms of the Ovary have pressure, pain, and bloating with increasing size?
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Serous & Mucinous CystAdeno Cancer which are both Epithelial Cell cancers.
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This tumor is completly solid and resembles a dysgerminoma.
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Yolk Sac Tumor
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Over 1/2 of these Malignant tumors are bilateral and Solid.
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Epithelial Cell Ovarian CA
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Which Ovarian Neoplasm will leak and rupture in the abdomen?
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Mucinous CystAdeno CA
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Which Ovarian CA causes elevated AFP Levels?
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Yolk Sac Tumors (a germ cell ovarian cancer)
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Are Dysgerminoma's and Malignant Teratoma's typically unilateral or bilateral?
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Unilateral (83%)
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What tumor has thick fluid, larger in size, more loculated, and heavier then other Ovarian tumors?
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Mucinous CystAdeno CA
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Which tumor of the ovary has thin septations, anechoic, is more common, and smaller form of Ovarian Cancer?
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Serous Cystadeno CA
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Which tumor causes early Metastasis through the lymphatic system?
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Yolk Sac Tumor (germ cell)
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What is another name for "Teratocarcinoma?
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"Immature Teratoma" or Malignant Teratoma
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What is another name for Arrhenoblastoma?
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Sertoli-Leydig Tumor
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What stromal cell tumor is very dense and can often see posterior shadowing?
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Thecoma Tumors
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What type of Ovarian Cancer is hypoechoic with no enhancement?
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Stromal Cell tumors
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This is a femanizing Neoplasm.
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Granulosa
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Which Germ Cell cancer gets Necrosis and calcifications with age?
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Dysgerminoma
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List the 3 types of Stromal Cell Tumors.
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Granulosa, Sertoli-Leydig, & Thecoma.
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What is a well defined, encapsulated germ cell tumor?
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Yolk Sac Tumor
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What is the male counterpart of Dysgerminoma?
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Seminoma
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What are the 2 types of malignant Ovarian tumors that have no classification?
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Endometroid & Clear Cell Ovarian Cancer
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These cells resemble those found in the walls of the endometrium.
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Endometroid Ovarian CA
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Another name for Androblastoma.
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Sertoli Leydig Tumor
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What are the 4 major risk factors for GTD?
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Prior Molar Pregnancy,
Blood type A/O, Dietary Link (Carotene), Over Age 40 |
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What is the treatment for DTD?
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D & C,
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What is the ultrasound appearance of GTD?
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Uterine Enlargement,
Echogenic masses, Vascular Endo-, Theca Lutein Cysts |
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Differential Diagnosis for GTD is?
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Early failed Pregnancy,
RPOC (retained prod of concep), Degenrating Uterine Fibroid |
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Is uterine distension a clinical diagnosis of GTD?
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No, that is for Endometrial Cancer. GTD Vag bleeding, elevated HcG, Intrauterine hemorrhage, and hyperemesis.
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What stage of cerival cancer are abnormal cells on the surface layer of the cervix and have not invaded deeper tissues?
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Carcinoma in situ; CIN 3
(not actual cancer yet) |
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What is the "silent Killer"?
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Ovarian Carcinoma
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What stage of cervical cancer is in the cervix only up to 5 mm in depth & limited to the Endometrium.
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Stage 1
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Also called Precancerous or pre-Malignant.
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Carcinoma in situ; CIN 3
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Are you likely to develop Ovarian Carcinoma during menopause, if not in what age does it develop?
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Yes, the peak incidence is ages 55-59 and it's often diagnosed late.
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What stage of cervical cancer is it that has spread to the bladder, rectum, or outside the pelvis
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Stage 4 Cervical CA
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What stage in cervical cancer is it when it's beyond the cervix,vagina, & pelvic wall?
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Stage 3 Cervical CA
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What stage in Endometrial cancer is it when it's within the uterine body?
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Stage 1 Endometrial CA
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A positive lymph node sampling puts a patient in this stage of cerival cancer?
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Stage 3 Cervical CA
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Cancer in the False Pelvis is in this stage of ovarian or endometrial cancer?
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Stage 4
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What stage in cervical cancer is it when uteral obstruction is present?
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Stage 3 Cervical CA
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What stage in Endometrial cancer is it when it's in the Adnexa, vagina, &/or lymph nodes or "True Pelvis" area are affected?
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Stage 3 Endometrial CA
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What stage in endometrial cancer is it when it's into the bladder or bowel?
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Stage 4 Endometrial CA
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What stage in cervical cancer when it extends beyond the cervix, up the vagina, but not in the pelvic wall.
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Stage 2 Cervical Cancer
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What stage in Endometrial cancer is it when it extends to the myometrium or cervix?
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Stage 2 Endometrial CA
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Which stages of CA are within the "True Pelvis"?
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Stages 1, 2, & 3
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What produces villi which develop in the placenta?
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Trophoblast
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Fetus doesn't develp but placental elements continue to grow.
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Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
(GTD) |
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When an egg divides it differentiates into what 2 parts?
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Embryo & Extra-embryonic tissues (placenta, membranes, umbilical cord)
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What causes syncytiotrophoblast & cytotriotrophoblast?
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Gestational Trophoblastic disease
(Overgrowth of extra-embryonic cells) |
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What causes hematometra due to stenosis?
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Cervical Cancer
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What invades the lining of the uterus during GTD?
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Chorionic Villi
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Does the number of villi increase as the placenta ages?
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No, it decreases but they swell.
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What does excessive chorionic growth lead to?
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Increasing HcG
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You should always scan the liver/kidney if what Cancer is detected?
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Cervical Cancer
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What Cancer has limited surgery to total hysterectomy and radiation therapy?
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Treatment for Cervical CA
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What results from hydatidiform degeneration of twin fetuses?
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Coexistant Mole & Fetus -- Results in 2 placenta's
(very abnormal) |
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As this disease advances symptoms are bladder infections, low back pain, & Uteral Obstruction.
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Cervical Cancer
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In what stage of embryogenesis does GTD most commonly occur?
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During or after implantation of the fertilized ovum.
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Blast means?
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Early developmental Cell
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Do you get a positive pregnancy test with GTD?
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Yes, due to high amounts of HcG
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What is the problem with chromosomes with GTD? Is it the X or Y chromosomes?
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X, Paternal in origin.
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What cancer is not detectable on ultrasound unitl stage 3?
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Cervical Cancer
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Tropho means?
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Nutrition
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The ultrasound apperarance with cervical cancer is?
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Expansion of the cervix, varying echotexture, & hematometra
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Villi swollen with fluid in a complete Hydatiform Mole?
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Hydropic Villi
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Tissue abnormality with chromosomes 69XXX, 69XXY, OR 69XYY.
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Partial Hydatidiform Mole
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Tissue is 46XX with Haploid sperm (paternal).
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Complete Hydatidiform Mole
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Another name for Chorioadenoma Destruens
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Invasive Mole
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The Malignant form of GTD?
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Choriocarcinoma
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