Maintaining A Balance

Front 1

Enzyme

Back 1

a biological catalyst which increases rate of reaction

Front 2

Molecules

Back 2

Made up of atoms

Front 3

Chemical Composition of Enzymes

Back 3

made up of proteins --> made up of polypeptide chains --> composed of amino acids joined by polypeptide bonds

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Lock and key model

Back 4

suggest that substrates fit exactly into the active site of the enzyme

Front 5

what is PH

Back 5

a measure of the acidity or alkilinity of a substance

Front 6

What makes a substance acidic?

Back 6

Hydrogen Ions

Front 7

What affects enzyme function?

Back 7

temperature increase --> enzyme activity increases

Front 8

PH Scale

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0 Acidic --> 7 neutral --> 17 Basic

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Homeostasis

Back 9

is the process by which organisms maintain a relitively stable internal environment

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Effectors

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can be either muscles or glands. Muscles bring movement, glands bring change in chemical secretion

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Carbon Dioxide in blood

Back 11

carbonic acid and then into hydrogen carbon ions

Front 12

Oxygen in blood

Back 12

Oxyhaemoglobin

Front 13

Water in blood

Back 13

the solvent of plasma

Front 14

Salts

Back 14

transported directly to plasma

Front 15

Nitrogenous wastes in blood

Back 15

changed into urea

Front 16

Arteries

Back 16

carry blood away from the heart

Front 17

Capillaries

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an extension of the inner layers of the arteries

Front 18

Veins

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carry blood back to the heart

Front 19

What happens in the Kidneys?

Back 19

salt and water levels are regulated
- all urea is removed
- toxins are excreted into urine

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Xylem

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transport of water is passive and depends on transpiration. Water is drawn up the xylem tubes to replace the loss

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transpiration

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evaporation of water from the leaf cells through the stomates

Front 22

Diffusion of water

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caused by low concentration of water at the roots

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cohesion

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binding together of water molecules

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Adhesion

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water molecules that stick to the sides of the xylem tubes

Front 25

In the Phloem Translocation occurs

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it is the movement of organic materials such as sugars, amino acids and hormones. Transported both up and down

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Size of red and white blood vessels

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White= 12-15 um
function: defend against disease
Red= 6-9um
Function: transport of oxygen

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Pulse oximetre:

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measures 02 levels
- peg like device that sits on your finger

Front 28

Immunoglobulin

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infection fighting parts of the blood plasma given to people who have difficulties fighting infections

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Active transport

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uses energy to transport substances across a membrane

Front 30

Passive transport

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is the movement of substances across a membrane

Front 31

Nefron Structure

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Bowmans capsule is connected to the proximal tubule leading to the loop of henle, which then connects to the ditil tubule and all joins to the bladder

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What are nephrons surrounded by?

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Capilaries

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Where does filtration occur?

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Within the bowmans capsule in the glomerulus

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Reabsorption

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substances the body can reuse are reabsorbed into the capillaries surrounding the nephron

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Secretion

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is the proces by which the body activley transports substances from the blood to the nephron

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ADH, Anti diuretic hormones

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controlls the reabsorption of water by adjusting permeability of the collecting ducts

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Aldosterone

Back 37

produced and released by the adrenal glands it controls the amount of salt in the blood

Front 38

Enantiostasis

Back 38

is the maintinance of metabolic and physiological functions in response to Enantiostas variations in the environment