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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
sanitation
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reduce the number of microbes on equipment, surphases to a safe level by public health standards
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Refrigeration
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2-8 C ___static
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freezing
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0 C or less ___static, -20 C no microbial metabolism
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microfiltration
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removal of microbes from item (liquids that are heat sensitive and air) uses a membrane filter with pore sizes that are uniform for bacteriology 0.45 for viruses 0.1 or less
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HIgh Osmotic Pressure
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hypertonic environment (jam, jelly, brine) ___static mode of action -- cells will shrink = plasmolysis
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chemical method antiseptic
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used on tissue to decrease number of vegetative microbes
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Radiation
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UV targets DNA 2560A (most damaging wavelength) causes structural changes in the DNA has poor penetration uses limited to air and surphases
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ionizing radiation
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x-rays, gamma rays(short wavelength) has good penetration mode of action -- form free radicals which damage DNA and other cell components used as disinfectant at low doses
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Infectious prion protein
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PrP
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prion diseases in animals
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scrapie -- disease of sheep and goats uncoordinated jerky movements, itching cant eat or walk and then death. mink encephalopathy -- deer and elk, chronic wasting disease (mad cow disease)
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_____static
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inhibits growth does not kill
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chemical disinfectants
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used on surphases to decrease microbes
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asepsis
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treatments to control sepsis
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degermation
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removal of microbes from skin
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Abnormal PrP
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infectous has different shape, not inactivated very readily by protease, can interact with normal protein and change to the abnormal shape
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disinfectants
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treatment of surphase to destroy vegetative microbes
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levels of chemical methods
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high -- kills all organisms except endospores intermediate -- kills microbacteria, most bacteria and most viruses low -- kills some viruses and bacteria
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antibiotics/chemotheraputic agents
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selective toxicity harm microbe but not host
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physical methods of microbial control
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heat, cold, radiation, dessication, and high osmotic pressure
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TDP thermal death point
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temp required to kill population of bacteria in 10 mins
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Heat
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good physical method
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Dessication
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drying (removing water) ___static
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TDT thermal death time
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time it takes to kill population of bacteria at given temp
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concentration of exposure
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higher concentration = higher effectiveness
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most mesophelic bacteria, fungi, and viruses are killed at
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about 10 mins @ 80 C
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autoclave
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steam under pressure steam 100 C + pressure 15 lb per sq inch (increases temp to 121 C) to achieve sporility expose for 15-40 mins
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time of exposure
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longer exposure time the greater the effectiveness
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pastuerization
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heating food to destroy vegetative microbes primarily used in the dairy and brewing industry
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boiling water is
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not reliably sporicidal
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sepsis
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damage to tissue due to microbes of their toxins
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______cide
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kills
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sterile
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free of all life forms and infectious agents
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Prion
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1983 proteinatious infectious proteins (agents)
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narrow spectrum
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effective on few or single microbes
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antagonism
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2 drugs together have decreased effectiveness than if used alone
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LTH
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low temp holding 60 C for 30 mins
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broad spectrum
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effective on may microbes
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Temperature
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increase temp = increase effectiveness
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HTST
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high temp short time 72 C for 15 seconds
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prophage will replicate when
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the host bacterium replicates population (colony) all infected with prophage
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UHT
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ultra high temp 150 C for 1-2 seconds
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material treated
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organic mater can decrease effect of chemical (blood, pus, dirt)
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inceneration
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ignite and burn item (sterilization of loops and needles)
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lysosomes
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3 viral nucleic acid
chromosome = prophage makes repressor protein repressor protein blocks transcription of other viral genes |
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Dry heat
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damage to proteins can achieve sterility at 160-170 C for 1-2 hours, heat stable but could not be damaged by water
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nature of microbe
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endospores are very resistant
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prion diseases
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found in animals and humans fatal, spongiform enaphalopathies (brain will have holes like a sponge, and protein fibers) symptoms neurological
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prophage decrease
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repressor protein leaves chromosome
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Normal PrP
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prion protein, signaling function in the brain inactivated by protease enzyme
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lysogenic conversion
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repressor protein does not block all virus genes MRNA -- transcription translation = protein from virus gene bacterium has new characteristics
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moisture is present by
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protein inactivation primarily
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prion diseases in humans
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Kuru -- Fore people of New Guinnea (cannabolism) Creutzfeldt-Jakob -- spurratic, inherited, medical procedures associated with VCJD from eating contaminated meat
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synergism
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2 drugs given together have greater effectiveness than sum of individuals
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antiseptics
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treatment on skin to preven sepsis
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synthetic drugs are
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lab synthesized
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chemotherapy
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chemicals that can interfere with the growth of microbe at concentrations tolerated by the host (selective toxicity)
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antibiotic
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synthesized by living organisms for bacteria
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