Life Cycles

Front 1

procambium meristems

Back 1

vascular tissue of stems and roots

Front 2

ground meristems

Back 2

ground tissue

Front 3

protoderm meristems

Back 3

epidermis of stems and roots

Front 4

epicotyl

Back 4

portion of embryonic axis above attachment of cotyledons

Front 5

plumule

Back 5

top of epicotyl consisting of shoot tip with a pair of miniature leaves

Front 6

hypocotyl

Back 6

portion of embryonic axis below attachment of cotyledons

Front 7

radicle

Back 7

seed root; terminal part of hypocotyls

Front 8

scutellum

Back 8

single cotyledon (seed) leaf found only in monocots

Front 9

shoot

Back 9

portion of embryonic axis above the attachment of cotyledon (monocots)

Front 10

coleoptile

Back 10

sheath that covers young root (monocot)

Front 11

coleorhiza

Back 11

sheath that covers young root (monocot)

Front 12

fruit

Back 12

pericarp with enclosed seeds

Front 13

hypocotyl

Back 13

portion of embryonic axis below attachment of cotyledons

Front 14

ethylene

Back 14

promotes fruit ripening, leaf abscission, and senesecence; inhibits stem elongation and gravitropism

Front 15

radicle

Back 15

seed root; terminal part of hypocotyls

Front 16

simple fruit

Back 16

form from single carpel in one flower or multiple fused carpels from the SAME flower

Front 17

scutellum

Back 17

single cotyledon (seed) leaf found only in monocots

Front 18

aggregate fruits

Back 18

groups of simple fruits that form separate carpels on one flower

Front 19

shoot

Back 19

portion of embryonic axis above the attachment of cotyledon (monocots)

Front 20

coleoptile

Back 20

sheath that covers young root (monocot)

Front 21

coleorhiza

Back 21

sheath that covers young root (monocot)

Front 22

fruit

Back 22

pericarp with enclosed seeds

Front 23

ethylene

Back 23

promotes fruit ripening, leaf abscission, and senesecence; inhibits stem elongation and gravitropism

Front 24

simple fruit

Back 24

form from single carpel in one flower or multiple fused carpels from the SAME flower

Front 25

aggregate fruits

Back 25

groups of simple fruits that form separate carpels on one flower

Front 26

multiple fruits

Back 26

formed from the fusion of ovaries of multiple DIFFERENT flowers on an inflorescence

Front 27

accessory fruits

Back 27

derived from parts in addition to carpels and seeds (ex. receptacles)

Front 28

Gibberllic acid

Back 28

promotes seed germination, bud elongation, stem elongatin, flowers and fruiting

Front 29

Abscisic acid

Back 29

inhibits growth and stem elongation, supports seed dormancy, inhibits seed germination, closes stomata in response to water stress

Front 30

Auxin

Back 30

apical dominance by supporting activity of apical meristems, promotes photostropism, gravitropism, and stem/cell elongation

Front 31

Brassinosteroids

Back 31

support elongation of pollen tubes, elongation of stems, growth of xylem and inhibits leaf abscission

Front 32

cytokinins

Back 32

promotes cell division, lateral bud outgrowth and inhibits sensence and abscission

Front 33

petiole

Back 33

leaf stalk

Front 34

cuticle

Back 34

matrix of cross-linked lipid molecules impregenated with extremely long chained lipids functions as a protective layer around the outside of the leaf; waxy covering that retards dessication

Front 35

guard cells

Back 35

pair of bean shaped cells inside the stoma

Front 36

pore

Back 36

opening between the guard cells in the stoma

Front 37

flavonoids

Back 37

absorb UV light which protects stems and leaves from the damaging effects of UV

Front 38

parenchyma cells

Back 38

most common type of cell in plants, thin walled cell found in leaves, centers of stems and roots and in fruits, full of chloroplasts and involved in photosynthesis in leaves and stems, stores starch in roots

Front 39

collenchyma cells

Back 39

thickened primary walls, serves to stiffen leaves and stems, provides support to growing plant parts, found in strands along leaves veins and stalks

Front 40

sclerenchyma cells

Back 40

thick walled type of plant that provides support, contains lignin

Front 41

fiber cells

Back 41

lignified cell type and is a type of slender, tapered sclerenchyma cell that usually occurs in bundles, functions in mechanical support and reinforces the xylem

Front 42

cortex

Back 42

ground tissue inside epidermis that extends to concentric rings of vascular bundle

Front 43

ground tissue

Back 43

plant tissue inside the epidermis except for vascular tissue and can consist of the parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells

Front 44

pith

Back 44

central portion of stem made of ground tissue that is typically parenchyma cells

Front 45

rhizomes

Back 45

underground stem that produces vertical above ground shoots from its axillary buds

Front 46

bulbs

Back 46

underground shoots often made up of enlarged bases of leaves often with some stem material present

Front 47

stolons

Back 47

horizontal above ground shoots (runners) that grow along the surface of the ground and can result in asexual reproduction

Front 48

tubers

Back 48

enlarged end of rhizomes or stolons that are specialized for food storage (ex. potatoes)

Front 49

periderm

Back 49

produced by the cork cambium

Front 50

endodermis

Back 50

inner most cell layer of the cortex that surrounds the central vascular cylinder (stele)

Front 51

suberin

Back 51

protein that forms a waterproof seal

Front 52

casparian strip

Back 52

waterproof seal containing suberin and regulates fluid and ion transport to vascular tissues

Front 53

pericycle

Back 53

layer just inside endodermis and has one or more layers of relatively undifferentiated cells; tissue from which lateral roots arise and contributes to secondary growth

Front 54

prop roots

Back 54

aerial above ground roots that support tall, top heavy plants

Front 55

storage roots

Back 55

plants that store food and water in their roots

Front 56

penumatophores

Back 56

plants growing in swamps that have roots that project above the water surface and enable the root system to obtain oxygen

Front 57

buttress roots

Back 57

aerial roots that function as buttresses and support the tall trunks of certain tropical trees

Front 58

sieve tube member

Back 58

elongated food conducting plant cells with clusters of pores at both ends allowing sap to flow to adjacent ends (phloem cell type)

Front 59

sieve tubes

Back 59

sieve tube members that are stacked end to end and transport sugar as main function (phloem cell type)

Front 60

companion cells

Back 60

specialized cell found adjacent to sieve tube member

Front 61

tracheid cells

Back 61

elongated water conducting cell that has gaps in its cell wall to allow water movement from one cell to the next (pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms)

Front 62

vessel element

Back 62

elongated water conducting cell with gaps in the cell wall at both ends

Front 63

vessels

Back 63

vessel elements arranged end to end; have larger diameters and thinner walls than tracheids (gnetophytes and angiosperms)

Front 64

rays

Back 64

thin walled cells originating in the vascular cambium, produced by secondary growth, alive when functional, transverse movement of fluids in tree and stem trunk, transports metabolic waste products from peripheral of trunk to the center, gives central part of the wood the dark color (heartwood); deposits resins and tanins to prevent infection by insects and microbes